# 大学累计测评二：六级提高与书面应用综合卷
本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
## 学习目标
1. 在新科技、信息和环境材料中准确处理抽象词汇、复杂信息匹配和作者立场。
2. 保持不确定性、来源范围和时间状态，完成句法修订、翻译与有反方回应的写作。
3. 依据100分人工与客观综合量表评价迁移，不从单卷成绩承诺实际考试得分。
## 核心讲解
### 作答与计分
共32题、100分：1—10词库填空10×1=10；11—20匹配10×2=20；21—25阅读5×4=20；26—30修订5×2=10；31翻译20；32写作20。建议本站训练时间100分钟（阅读45、句法10、翻译20、写作25），非官方模拟时长。80与95为**本套原创书面练习**的内部目标，不是CET及格线、保分线或710分换算比例。材料、人物和数据均为原创虚构教学情景。
### 材料一 选词填空
每词最多一次，不改变词形。A irreversible B distinguish C publicly D context E decline F verified G cautiously H apparently I responsibility J comprehensively K versions L temporary M misleading N acknowledge O evidence
A local news website published a chart showing a sharp increase in requests for housing assistance. The chart was widely shared because its message seemed simple. However, a reader noticed that the office collecting the figures had changed its reporting system midway through the period. Two requests from the same household had previously been counted as one, but the new system recorded them separately. Without this (1) ___, the chart could give a (2) ___ impression of how needs had changed.
The editor asked the reporter to (3) ___ between changes in reporting and changes in the underlying situation. Not all of the necessary records could be recovered immediately. The website therefore issued a (4) ___ note explaining the uncertainty while further checks continued. It did not remove the article without explanation or pretend that the original interpretation had been fully (5) ___.
When more information became available, the reporter compared the two (6) ___ of the data. The revised article stated which conclusions were supported by (7) ___ and which remained uncertain. It also linked to an explanation of the reporting change. The correction was displayed (8) ___ rather than hidden in a private message to the reader who had raised the question.
Some staff worried that admitting an error would damage trust. The editor argued that a willingness to (9) ___ mistakes was part of responsible reporting. Accuracy did not mean never making an error; it meant accepting (10) ___ for checking claims and correcting them when new information required it.
### 材料二 长篇匹配
A—J可重复，也可不选。
**[A]** A community information centre redesigned its written guide to local health services. The guide explained how to make appointments, find opening hours and request an interpreter. It did not diagnose conditions or tell readers which treatment to choose. Its purpose was to help people reach an appropriate service, not to replace advice from a qualified professional.
**[B]** The first draft translated every office name but retained several unexplained abbreviations. Readers who understood each translated word still struggled to identify the service they needed. The team added a short explanation of what each office did. Translation alone had not resolved the problem because some difficulty came from unfamiliar institutional categories rather than from individual words.
**[C]** A large button on the website offered appointment booking. However, the form assumed that every applicant had a stable email address. Staff created another contact route for people who could not reliably receive email. They did not ask these users to disclose personal health details on an open public page merely to obtain help with booking.
**[D]** The team tested the guide by asking volunteers to find answers to realistic questions. Some participants completed the task quickly but misunderstood whether an appointment had actually been confirmed. Speed was therefore recorded alongside accuracy. A fast interaction that left a person with the wrong expectation was not treated as a successful result.
**[E]** Most test participants were already comfortable with online forms. The organisers recognised that the results might not reflect the experience of people who rarely used digital services. They planned another round with a wider range of participants and kept a printed version available. The initial trial was useful, but its sample did not justify a claim of universal accessibility.
**[F]** To keep the guide current, each entry named the office responsible for reviewing it. A review date appeared beside opening hours and contact details. Staff were asked to check links after a service changed, rather than wait for the next annual revision. Clear ownership mattered because a well-written page could still become misleading when practical details were outdated.
**[G]** The information centre considered adding a long list of possible symptoms to make the guide appear comprehensive. Its advisers recommended keeping the document focused on access and directing clinical questions to qualified services. More content would not necessarily make the guide safer or more useful. The team removed an unreviewed section instead of presenting it as reliable medical guidance.
**[H]** A sponsor offered free design work if the centre displayed advertisements inside the guide. The team declined because readers might confuse a paid advertisement with the centre's own recommendation. The decision was about maintaining a clear distinction between service information and promotion, not about assuming that every commercial service was unsuitable.
**[I]** Printed copies were placed at several community locations. Staff recorded where copies were collected but did not assume that collection meant careful reading. A follow-up question asked whether readers had found the next action they needed to take. The team wanted evidence of practical usefulness, not only a count of materials distributed.
**[J]** In the final report, the centre separated verified findings from proposed improvements. It stated that some users found the revised headings clearer, while explaining that broader testing was still planned. This allowed readers to see what had already happened and what remained an intention. The report avoided presenting a future activity as a completed achievement.
### 材料三 仔细阅读
**Darkness as part of the design**
A riverside park replaced several bright lamps with lights directed towards the path. The managers wanted visitors to see where they were walking without lighting the whole riverbank. Residents had raised concerns about glare entering nearby windows, while a local nature group asked whether unnecessary light could be reduced. The trial was designed to examine several needs rather than declare darkness or brightness desirable in every location.
During the first month, complaints about glare fell. Yet the managers did not treat this as a complete evaluation. A small group of visitors said they found one junction harder to recognise. The response was to adjust the signs and the direction of one lamp, not to dismiss their concern because the average number of complaints was lower. A measure that improved one experience could still create a difficulty elsewhere.
Volunteers also observed activity near the riverbank, but their notes varied with the weather and time of observation. The nature group cautioned against turning these early observations into a confident claim that the lighting change had improved wildlife conditions. More consistent records would be needed, and other influences could not yet be separated from the change in lamps.
The managers published these limitations alongside the reduction in glare complaints. They planned to continue checking how people used the junction and to improve the observation schedule near the river. Their report described a promising adjustment that required further evaluation, not a finished solution whose benefits had all been established. Good design, they concluded, involved making competing needs visible and being willing to revise the arrangement.
## 例题解析
独立练习示例：The estimate may be inaccurate because the sample excludes non-users. 改写为The sample includes only users, so the estimate **may not represent everyone**。保留may，不偷换成must be completely false。综合测评中，证据不足的强结论即使用词高级，也不应得到信息准确性分。
## 练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
### 1
填材料一第1空。
### 2
填材料一第2空。
### 3
填材料一第3空。
### 4
填材料一第4空。
### 5
填材料一第5空。
### 6
填材料一第6空。
### 7
填材料一第7空。
### 8
填材料一第8空。
### 9
填材料一第9空。
### 10
填材料一第10空。
### 11
材料二哪段说明领取材料的数量不能代表读者已找到所需行动？
### 12
哪段说明翻译办公室名称仍不足以解释陌生机构分类？
### 13
哪段把各条目负责人和复查日期用于防止内容过时？
### 14
哪段说明快速完成网页任务可能仍伴随对预约状态的误解？
### 15
哪段拒绝把未经审查的症状内容当作可信诊疗指导？
### 16
哪段因测试者多熟悉线上表格而计划扩大样本类型？
### 17
哪段清楚区分已经核实的结果和未来仍待进行的工作？
### 18
哪段避免广告被读者误认为信息中心自己的推荐？
### 19
哪段为难以稳定接收电子邮件的人安排另一联系渠道？
### 20
哪段在报告完成速度之外，同时记录答案是否准确？
### 21
材料三对试点的整体评价是：A. An improvement that can be judged mainly by the total number of complaints. B. A promising change requiring more evaluation. C. A change whose value depends only on the wildlife observations. D. A design that replaces the need to consider different users.
### 22
为什么不能仅凭投诉总量下降就停止评估？A. The managers had lost all records. B. Every visitor demanded brighter lights. C. No resident cared about glare. D. A particular junction still caused difficulty for some visitors.
### 23
志愿者自然观察的主要限制是：A. Recording conditions varied, and other influences were not separated. B. Volunteers recorded only the junction after the signs were changed. C. The group measured window glare instead of riverbank activity. D. The notes covered only places known in advance to have abundant wildlife.
### 24
作者提及调整标牌与灯光方向的作用是：A. To show that most visitors preferred signs to lighting. B. To argue that total complaint counts had become irrelevant. C. To illustrate a response to a specific remaining problem. D. To explain a change from a wildlife project to a visitor-only project.
### 25
哪一推断得到支持？A. Wildlife benefits have been conclusively proved. B. The managers were willing to publish limits as well as favourable results. C. All needs can be satisfied by one brightness level. D. The project was abandoned permanently.
### 26
改正并说明：Only after the figures were checked the editor noticed the error.
### 27
改正并说明：The new form is more accessible than the old system’s users. 使比较对象为新旧表格。
### 28
改正并说明：The report shows a rise in applications, proves that needs have doubled. 不允许补出无证据因果/倍数，改为“不足以证明需要翻倍”。
### 29
改正并说明：The organisers intend to publishing the revised guide next month.
### 30
改正并说明：Information from two small groups are not sufficient to establish a universal effect.
### 31
汉译英（20分）：这份报告区分了已经观察到的变化和仍需验证的解释。尽管一些使用者认为新系统更加方便，现有样本并不能代表所有居民。研究团队计划收集更多书面反馈，并公开说明数据的局限，而不是把初步结果当作最终结论。
### 32
写作（20分，160—200词）：Should organisations publish the limitations of a promising trial? 明确立场，解释至少一个好处，公平呈现一个反方顾虑并回应，提出一种清楚披露结果的方法。
## 参考答案与解析
### 1
**D context**。计数规则变化是理解图表的背景；without this context。1分。
### 2
**M misleading**。忽视口径变化造成误导印象；a misleading impression。1分。
### 3
**B distinguish**。distinguish between两类变化；to后原形。1分。
### 4
**L temporary**。核查尚在进行，先发临时说明；不是irreversible不可逆的说明。1分。
### 5
**F verified**。had been fully verified为被动完成，表示解释经过充分核实；文中否定假装已核实。1分。
### 6
**K versions**。新旧两套数据版本；two后复数。1分。
### 7
**O evidence**。supported by evidence，证据支持；comprehensively是副词，不能在此代替名词。1分。
### 8
**C publicly**。与hidden in a private message对照，公开显示。1分。
### 9
**N acknowledge**。a willingness to acknowledge mistakes，愿意承认错误。1分。
### 10
**I responsibility**。accept responsibility for checking承担责任。键D M B L F K O C N I；不用A E G H J。1分。
### 11
**I**。collection不等于careful reading，追问next action。2分。
### 12
**B**。unfamiliar institutional categories不是只需翻单词。2分。
### 13
**F**。entry named office、review date以及变更后核链接。2分。
### 14
**D**。completed quickly但误解confirmation状态。2分。
### 15
**G**。removed an unreviewed section，聚焦服务获得不代替医学。2分。
### 16
**E**。comfortable with online forms样本偏窄，计划wider range。2分。
### 17
**J**。verified findings与proposed improvements分开，planned不是done。2分。
### 18
**H**。担心paid advertisement被误作中心推荐。2分。
### 19
**C**。另一个contact route面向不能可靠收邮件者。2分。
### 20
**D**。speed alongside accuracy；重复使用合法。键I B F D G E J H C D，A未选。2分。
### 21
**B**。末段promising adjustment…further evaluation。A忽视局部路口问题，C把多种需要缩成只有自然观察，D否定作者强调的不同使用者需求。4分。
### 22
**D**。junction问题是总体平均改善下仍需回应的具体困难。4分。
### 23
**A**。weather/time变化且other influences未分离。B把地点与时序错移到路口，C混淆眩光投诉与河岸观察，D添加原文没有的预先选点条件。4分。
### 24
**C**。以局部改动回应具体反馈。A未测多数偏好，B把指标不充分改成完全无关，D把同时考虑需求误成抛弃环境目标。4分。
### 25
**B**。第四段published these limitations alongside reduction明确支持。A与未证实相反，C、D无依据。4分。
### 26
Only after the figures were checked **did the editor notice** the error. 倒装修订1分；only+状语句首引主句部分倒装，did后原形1分。
### 27
The new form is more accessible than **the old form/the old one**. 修订1分；表格应与表格比较，不与使用者比较1分。
### 28
The report shows a rise in applications, **but it does not prove that needs have doubled**. 完整句与否定修订1分；申请量增加不直接证明需求翻倍，且原句逗号后无适当连接1分。
### 29
The organisers **intend to publish** the revised guide next month. 修订1分；这里to为不定式标记，后需原形publish而非publishing1分。注意intend publishing本身在部分英语用法中合法，错误是本题的intend to publishing组合。
### 30
Information from two small groups **is** not sufficient to establish a universal effect. 修订1分；information不可数，from介词短语中groups不决定一致1分。
### 31
The report distinguishes changes that have already been observed from explanations that still need to be tested. Although some users find the new system more convenient, the current sample cannot represent all residents. The research team plans to collect more written feedback and explain the limitations of the data publicly, rather than treat preliminary findings as final conclusions.
20分：观察/待验证区分5；some使用者便利与非全体样本5；计划更多反馈3；公开局限/非最终结论4；语法词汇3。acceptable：separates…from、verified、initial findings；不得删plans使未来成既成事实。
### 32
示例：Organisations should publish the limitations of a promising trial because readers need to understand what the results actually support. A positive change may be important without proving that a scheme will work for every user or in every setting.
Clear limitations can improve decisions. If a trial includes only experienced users, managers should know that further testing is needed before extending it to beginners. Reporting this gap does not erase the positive result; it identifies the next question to investigate.
A reasonable concern is that long technical qualifications may confuse readers or make a useful project appear worthless. The response should be clearer presentation, not silence. A short table can separate the goal, the observed result and the remaining uncertainty. Detailed methods can be provided for readers who need them.
Organisations should also distinguish completed work from future plans. A statement that broader testing is planned must not be presented as evidence already collected. Honest reporting makes a promising trial a foundation for learning rather than a claim that nobody is allowed to question.
20分：清楚立场4；好处与证据机制5；公平顾虑+针对回应5；具体披露方法2；组织语言4。允许支持披露但主张分层呈现等不同立场。两套卷均≥目标也仅证明这些本站题目的表现，仍需新材料迁移和人工复核。
## 测后词汇回学
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
| --- | --- |
| household | n. 家庭单位；requests from one household |
| interpretation | n. 解释；an initial interpretation |
| acknowledge | v. 承认；acknowledge an error |
| preliminary | adj. 初步的；preliminary findings |
| interpreter | n. 口译员；request an interpreter，此处只作阅读词义，不设口语/听力任务 |
| glare | n. 眩光；reduce glare |
| junction | n. 交叉口；a path junction |
| qualification | n. 限定说明／资质；technical qualifications指限定说明 |