# 大学衔接一：从高中知识到完整书面句子

本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。

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## 学习目标

1. 辨认限定动词、句子主干及并列与从属关系，修复残句和逗号拼接。
2. 正确使用冠词、主谓一致和可数性，建立书面学习诊断记录。
3. 区分本站书面训练百分比与CET报道分数。

4. 在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。

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## 核心讲解

### 先把课程与考试边界分清
大学阶段不使用“十三至十六年级人教版”的说法。本模块依次安排大学衔接、四级读写译、六级提高和书面应用，学校课程顺序可能不同。先做本课诊断；错在句子骨架，回学衔接课；能准确写句但读长文吃力，重点做阅读模块。

CET笔试含写作15%、阅读35%、翻译15%及听力35%；本系列按要求**不教听力**，所以不能称覆盖整场CET。四、六级均设置选词填空、长篇匹配和仔细阅读，每类10题；阅读部分合计40分钟，写作与翻译各30分钟。这是考试结构，不是本课练习必须沿用的计分方式。[官方笔试说明](https://cet.neea.edu.cn/html1/folder/16113/1586-1.htm)

CET采用常模参照方式报道成绩，总分710；本站练习80%或95%不能直接乘710换算成预计报道分，也不是保分承诺。[官方分数解释](https://www.neea.edu.cn/html1/folder/19081/5124-1.htm)

### 实际覆盖与未覆盖
本大学路径共36课：衔接6课、四级读写译12课、六级提高10课、书面应用6课、累计测评2课；当前360个编号练习及对应答案覆盖109项已列教学目标。词汇索引按大小写去重收录759个实际讲解词项，其中包含中学承接、复合词、词形和词组，**不是759个大学新增独立词，也不是经核验的完整四级/六级词表**。本路径不包含听力、口语考核、专业英语课程，也未逐一映射各大学自选教材或所有历年考试材料。学习结果应以陌生材料中的准确理解、表达和人工评分复核，而不能由课数或词项数推断。


### 句子不是单词的排队
先找承载时态或情态的限定动词：The students **have revised** the report. 整个谓语是have revised，revised在这里是过去分词；The report **revised yesterday** is clearer中，revised yesterday只修饰report，主句谓语是is。一个独立分句通常须有主语和限定谓语，祈使句可省略you。

- 残句：Because the library was closed. 从属连词because使该结构不能独立完成信息。补为Because the library was closed, we studied at home.
- 逗号拼接：The room was small, it was quiet. 改成两个句号，或The room was small, but it was quiet。不能只把逗号换成however；可写The room was small; however, it was quiet.
- 一致：The **number** of applications **has** increased；A number of students **have** applied。先找主语中心词，别被of后名词牵走。
- 可数性：advice、information、equipment一般不可直接加-s；a useful piece of advice是一个建议。一次调查是a survey；首次提到a survey，后续特指the survey。

诊断笔记不只写“粗心”。按骨架、词形、搭配、逻辑四栏分类；每一错误记录原句、原因、正确句和隔日独立改写句。

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## 例题解析

原稿：The students who work part-time often tired, they need an advice.

第一步：who work part-time修饰students，不是主句谓语；主句补are。第二步：逗号连接两个独立句，改句号或合适连词。第三步：advice不可数，删an。成稿：**The students who work part-time are often tired. They need advice.** 若上下文是解释疲劳与需求，可写…so they may need advice on managing their time；但不能凭空把“需要建议”写成医疗结论。

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## 本课词汇与搭配

下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。

| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
| --- | --- |
| revise | v. 修改；revise a report，不等于只重读 |
| application | n. 申请；a job application |
| advice | n. 建议，通常不可数；a piece of advice |
| equipment | n. 设备，通常不可数 |
| instruction | n. 指令；instructions常指成套操作说明 |
| part-time | adj./adv. 兼职的／兼职地；work part-time |



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## 词汇工坊

本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。**理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移**是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。

| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| semester | 学期；during the semester | I will review my notes during the semester. |
| syllabus | 课程大纲；read the syllabus | Read the syllabus before choosing the course. |
| deadline | 截止期限；meet a deadline | We finished early enough to meet the deadline. |
| priority | 优先事项；set priorities | Set priorities when several tasks are due. |
| independent | 独立的；independent study | Independent study requires a realistic plan. |
| consistent | 持续稳定的；consistent effort | Consistent effort is more useful than one rushed evening. |
| achievable | 可实现的；an achievable goal | Choose an achievable goal for the first week. |
| monitor | 监测；monitor progress | I monitor progress by checking what I can explain. |
| milestone | 阶段节点；reach a milestone | Completing the first draft was a useful milestone. |
| strategy | 策略；a revision strategy | A revision strategy should address repeated errors. |
| allocate | 分配；allocate time to | Allocate time to reviewing earlier mistakes. |
| concentrate | 集中注意；concentrate on | I concentrate on one difficult paragraph at a time. |
| reflect on | 反思；reflect on an error | Reflect on the error before correcting the sentence. |
| keep track of | 持续记录；keep track of progress | A simple notebook helps me keep track of progress. |

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## 练习

先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。

### 1

修复残句：Although the instructions were clear. Some students misunderstood them. 合成一句。

### 2

改正逗号拼接：The task was difficult, we completed it on time. 保留转折意义。

### 3

填空：The number of books on these shelves ___ (be) increasing. 写出主语中心词。

### 4

改错：She gave me three useful advices about choosing a course. 保留“三条”意义。

### 5

在The article published last week discusses transport中标出主句主语、谓语，以及published last week的功能。

### 6

本站100分书面卷得80分，能否据此预计CET总分568？写出两个理由。

### 7

用60—80个英文词写自己的书面英语学习计划，至少包含一个because从句和一个明确可检查的任务。

### 8

词汇迁移：译：本学期，我会给复习分配时间，并记录自己是否按时完成任务。

### 9

词汇迁移：译：设定可实现的目标之后，我们仍需要持续努力，并反思反复出现的错误。

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## 参考答案与解析

### 1

Although the instructions were clear, some students misunderstood them. Although引出让步从句；主句不能再用but重复连接。

### 2

The task was difficult, but we completed it on time. 也可用分号连接后加however：The task was difficult; however, we completed it on time. 仅用逗号加however仍不合适。

### 3

**is**。主语中心词number是单数，books属于of介词短语，shelves属于on介词短语，均不决定谓语。

### 4

She gave me three useful **pieces of advice** about choosing a course. three useful suggestions也可，但改用了可数名词suggestion。

### 5

主语The article，主句谓语discusses；published last week是过去分词短语作后置定语，含“上周被发表”的被动意义，不是另一个限定谓语。

### 6

不能。其一，本站书面卷没有听力，而CET听力占35%；其二，CET710分为常模转换后的报道分，不是把答对率乘710。80分只能说明这份本站卷按其评分表得到80%。

### 7

示例：I will study written English for thirty minutes each weekday. Because I often lose the main verb in long sentences, I will mark the subject and verb in five sentences before reading a passage. On Friday, I will write a short summary without looking at the text. I will then check my grammar and record two errors to review the following week. 人工评分10分：明确任务3、because结构2、完整句与一致3、连贯2；合理不同计划同样可满分。

### 8

This semester, I will allocate time to revision and keep track of whether I meet my deadlines. semester限定时间；allocate time to名词；whether引宾语从句。6分：三项信息各1，搭配2，句法1。

### 9

After setting achievable goals, we still need consistent effort and must reflect on repeated errors. after的逻辑主语与we一致；reflect on不可漏on。6分：目标/努力/反思3，搭配2，句法1。

## 依据与边界

- [CET笔试结构](https://cet.neea.edu.cn/html1/folder/16113/1586-1.htm)
- [CET分数解释](https://www.neea.edu.cn/html1/folder/19081/5124-1.htm)