# 四级读写译二：十五选十的词性与语篇核对
本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
## 学习目标
1. 在15词词库、10空的原创练习中综合词性、搭配与篇章意义选择词项。
2. 解释干扰词为什么不适合具体空格，不把剩余词机械塞入。
3. 在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。
## 核心讲解
本课训练词库选择，不是词形变化题：从A—O选词，每词最多使用一次，不改变词形。先通读判话题，再给词库标词性；先做强约束空，再回查弱约束空。最终把10个答案放回全文，确认语法和意思同时成立。官方笔试说明确认选词填空为10题；本课采用15个备选词的原创训练，不复制真题。[CET笔试结构](https://cet.neea.edu.cn/html1/folder/16113/1586-1.htm)
### 词库
A financial B confidence C replace D distant E skills F responsibility G practical H continued I estimate J access K reduce L familiar M damage N carefully O urgent
### 原创选词填空：Repairing together
A group of students opened a repair corner in a community centre. Their purpose was to offer (1) ___ advice that visitors could immediately use, rather than lectures on complicated engineering. Anyone could bring a small broken object and discuss whether it was worth repairing. The volunteers hoped to (2) ___ the amount of waste produced when people threw things away too quickly.
At first, many visitors were nervous about touching a tool. They gained (3) ___ when they completed a simple task with help. The volunteers taught basic (4) ___, such as tightening a loose screw and checking a simple connection. Before each activity, they explained the safety rules (5) ___ and made clear which jobs required a trained professional. Nobody was allowed to open equipment that the team could not handle safely.
The project did not encourage people to (6) ___ every broken item with a new one. Instead, it helped them compare the cost of repair with the cost of buying again. Free entry gave residents on low incomes (7) ___ to advice that might otherwise have been difficult to obtain. Some visitors returned with objects that were more (8) ___ to the volunteers, such as desk lamps similar to ones they had already examined.
The repair corner (9) ___ throughout the winter, even after the original student organisers became busy with examinations. Local residents helped to run the sessions. This shared sense of (10) ___ mattered as much as the tools: people began to see the corner as something they could maintain together, not merely a service provided by someone else.
注意：文章是语言学习虚构案例，不是电器维修操作指南。
## 例题解析
另一个示例：The team examined the plan ___ before spending money. 选项thorough/thoroughly。修饰examined应选副词thoroughly，意为“彻底地”；形容词thorough适合a thorough examination。确认词性后仍须核对含义；在真正词库中，多个词可能同属一种词性。
## 本课词汇与搭配
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
| --- | --- |
| practical | adj. 实用的；practical advice |
| confidence | n. 信心；gain confidence |
| reduce | v. 减少；reduce waste |
| skill | n. 技能；basic skills |
| carefully | adv. 仔细地；explain carefully |
| replace | v. 替换；replace A with B |
| familiar | adj. 熟悉的；be familiar to somebody |
| responsibility | n. 责任；a sense of responsibility |
| estimate | v./n. 估计；estimate the cost |
## 词汇工坊
本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。**理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移**是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。
| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| repairable | 可修理的；a repairable item | A repairable item need not be replaced immediately. |
| reuse | 再使用；reuse materials | The workshop encouraged residents to reuse materials. |
| disposal | 丢弃处理；waste disposal | Repair may reduce the need for waste disposal. |
| component | 部件；a damaged component | A trained worker checked the damaged component. |
| manual | 说明手册；a safety manual | The volunteer read the safety manual before the session. |
| professional | 专业人员；a trained professional | Some tasks must be left to a trained professional. |
| affordable | 负担得起的；an affordable option | Repair was not always the most affordable option. |
| participate | 参与；participate in a workshop | Residents could participate in the workshop without buying anything. |
| supervision | 监督指导；under supervision | Beginners worked under appropriate supervision. |
| cooperate | 合作；cooperate with neighbours | Residents learned to cooperate with their neighbours. |
| confidence-building | 增强信心的；a confidence-building task | A simple task can be a confidence-building start. |
| sustainable | 可持续的；a sustainable arrangement | A sustainable arrangement needs continuing support. |
| replacement | 替换物；buy a replacement | The owner compared repair costs before buying a replacement. |
| voluntary | 自愿的；voluntary participation | Participation in the project was voluntary. |
## 练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
### 1
填第1空，并指出它修饰哪个名词。
### 2
填第2空，并指出希望改变的是什么。
### 3
填第3空，解释gain与所选名词的搭配。
### 4
填第4空，指出such as之后的例子是什么类型。
### 5
填第5空，说明为什么不是形容词。
### 6
填第6空，写出所选动词与前后成分构成的搭配。
### 7
填第7空，说明该词与后面介词构成的搭配。
### 8
填第8空，说明to the volunteers表达什么关系。
### 9
填第9空，说明时态与上下文时间。
### 10
填第10空，解释为什么它不是“维修工具”的名称。
### 11
词汇迁移：译：初学者在指导下参加活动，并与邻居合作，而不是独自处理需要专业人员的工作。
### 12
词汇迁移：译：在购买替换物之前，应比较维修是否可负担，以及物品是否可以再次使用。
## 参考答案与解析
### 1
**G practical**。修饰advice；that visitors could immediately use进一步解释“实用的”。financial表示财务的，而后文具体教维修基础，不是财务建议。
### 2
**K reduce**。希望减少丢弃物品产生的垃圾量；to后用原形。
### 3
**B confidence**。gain confidence意为“增强信心”；前句nervous与后句完成小任务构成情绪变化。
### 4
**E skills**。拧紧螺丝、检查简单连接是技能实例，basic skills为自然搭配；不能填damage。
### 5
**N carefully**。修饰explained这一行为，需要方式副词；安全规则要求解释得仔细。urgent是形容词“紧急的”，不能在此作方式副词；不能为了语义将题目给定词形自行改为urgently。
### 6
**C replace**。replace A with B，用B替换A。否定did not encourage说明不主张一坏就买新的，与Instead引出的比较维修成本一致。
### 7
**J access**。give somebody access **to** something，给某人获取……的机会；access在此不可数。
### 8
**L familiar**。be familiar to somebody是“对某人而言熟悉”；相似台灯已检查过，因此熟悉，不是distant。
### 9
**H continued**。全文叙述过去活动，continued throughout the winter表示持续整个冬天；后文居民接力说明项目没有中断。
### 10
**F responsibility**。a sense of responsibility是“责任感”；由居民共同维护而非只依赖他人体现。答案顺序G K B E N C J L H F；剩余A D I M O不使用。
### 11
Beginners participated under supervision and cooperated with neighbours rather than handling tasks that required a professional on their own. 明确合作和专业边界。6分：三项意义3，搭配2，句法1。
### 12
Before buying a replacement, compare whether repair is affordable and whether the item can be reused. before的执行者为隐含you，whether两项平行。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。
## 依据与边界
- [CET笔试结构](https://cet.neea.edu.cn/html1/folder/16113/1586-1.htm)