# 四级读写译三：长篇信息匹配与同义定位
本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
## 学习目标
1. 为长文各段建立功能地图，用同义改写而不是单词重合进行匹配。
2. 区分相似话题中的目的、措施、结果和限制，完成10条信息定位。
3. 在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。
## 核心讲解
本课是10条信息匹配练习。段落字母可重复使用；不要假定每段只能选一次。先读题干划“差异线索”，如a future plan、an initial mistake、a cost；再略读段落，写功能标签，最后验证整条陈述。题干出现student，文中十段都有student，这不是有效定位词。
### 原创长文：A campus garden that changed its plan
**[A]** The garden began as an answer to a space nobody liked. Behind the science building was a narrow piece of land covered with broken stones. A student society proposed growing vegetables there. Its first poster promised a beautiful garden within a month. A groundskeeper warned that the soil would need testing and improvement before anything could be planted. The students realised that their attractive timetable had ignored the slow work beneath the surface.
**[B]** The first design divided the land into equal plots for different student groups. On paper, this looked fair. In practice, some groups could send ten volunteers each week, while others could send only two. The organisers replaced exclusive plots with shared work periods. Students could now contribute according to the time they had, and no group lost its place merely because several members had examinations in the same week.
**[C]** Access required more than opening a gate. One volunteer used a wheelchair and could not reach the middle of the original beds. Another found the gravel path difficult to cross. After asking these volunteers what would help, the team raised two planting beds and made part of the path firmer. The changes were specific responses to actual barriers, not a claim that the whole site had become accessible to every visitor.
**[D]** Water became the next concern. The team first considered buying a complex automatic system. A local gardener suggested collecting rainwater in covered containers instead. This cost less at the start, but someone still had to check the containers and carry water during dry weeks. The students learned to distinguish a low purchase price from the continuing effort needed to operate a system.
**[E]** A mathematics student offered to record how much produce the garden supplied. At first, the group counted baskets, but basket sizes varied. They then began weighing the vegetables and recording the dates of collection. The new records were more useful for comparing weeks. They did not show whether the vegetables improved students' diets, because the team had not measured what participants ate before joining the project.
**[F]** Not every crop succeeded. A row of beans grew poorly in a shaded corner, while herbs nearby did well. Rather than describe the failure as evidence that students were careless, the team examined the location and asked an experienced grower for advice. The following season, they moved the beans to a sunnier position. The example became part of a written guide explaining why local conditions mattered more than a universal planting rule.
**[G]** The garden was also a social place, but this created a problem during examinations. A nearby classroom was used for quiet study, and conversations outside could be distracting. The organisers introduced quiet working periods rather than closing the garden entirely. They explained the arrangement on a noticeboard and invited students in the classroom to report whether the change helped. Enjoyment of the garden did not remove the need to consider its neighbours.
**[H]** When the original leaders approached graduation, they discovered that many decisions existed only in their personal messages. New members did not know where tools were stored or why certain plants had been moved. The leaders created a shared handbook and asked newcomers to test the instructions without additional explanation. Missing steps then became visible. The handbook was treated as a document to revise, not a final record that nobody could question.
**[I]** A visitor suggested selling the vegetables to pay for future supplies. The group considered the idea but decided to continue sharing the small harvest among volunteers and a local community kitchen. Selling would require arrangements the students were not ready to manage. They instead published a list of modest material needs, such as gloves and replacement labels. This kept their immediate request clear without promising a large commercial project.
**[J]** At the end of the year, the garden looked less impressive than the original poster had imagined. Yet the organisers could explain what they had learned about cooperation, measurement and responsibility. They planned to ask next year's members which activities they found valuable before expanding the site. A larger garden might provide more vegetables, but it would also require more time. Expansion was an option to evaluate, not an automatic sign of success.
## 例题解析
示范：题干“The organisers learned that buying cheaply did not eliminate maintenance work.”关键词不是cheap，而是“购买成本≠后续工作”。D段low purchase price与continuing effort构成同义证据，因此选D。若只见supplies就在I段下结论，会忽略题干的成本对比。
## 本课词汇与搭配
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
| --- | --- |
| plot | n. 小块土地；a vegetable plot |
| groundskeeper | n. 场地管理员 |
| barrier | n. 障碍；remove a barrier |
| gravel | n. 砂砾；a gravel path |
| harvest | n./v. 收获；a small harvest |
| maintenance | n. 维护；maintenance work |
| universal | adj. 普遍适用的；a universal rule |
| handover | n. 交接；a clear handover |
| expansion | n. 扩大；evaluate expansion |
| commercial | adj. 商业的；a commercial project |
## 词汇工坊
本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。**理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移**是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。
| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cultivate | 耕种／培养；cultivate vegetables | Volunteers learned to cultivate vegetables in shared beds. |
| compost | 堆肥；add compost | The gardener suggested adding compost to improve the soil. |
| irrigation | 灌溉；an irrigation system | The irrigation system required regular maintenance. |
| fertile | 肥沃的；fertile soil | Fertile soil did not remove the need for careful watering. |
| seasonal | 季节性的；seasonal changes | Seasonal changes affected what the group could grow. |
| yield | 产量；crop yield | Crop yield varied between the sunny and shaded beds. |
| seedling | 幼苗；protect seedlings | Volunteers protected the seedlings during the first weeks. |
| weed | 杂草；remove weeds | The team scheduled time to remove weeds. |
| biodiversity | 生物多样性；local biodiversity | The group recorded different plants to learn about local biodiversity. |
| coordinator | 协调者；a project coordinator | A coordinator kept the weekly tasks visible. |
| stewardship | 负责任的管理；shared stewardship | Shared stewardship meant caring for the site after planting day. |
| accessible path | 无障碍通路；an accessible path | The team asked users what would make the path more accessible. |
| continuity plan | 延续计划；a continuity plan | A continuity plan helped new volunteers take over. |
| trade-off | 取舍；a trade-off between | There was a trade-off between a larger site and the time needed to maintain it. |
## 练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
### 1
哪段为邻近自习者降低活动干扰？
### 2
哪段介绍根据具体使用者遇到的障碍改变设施？
### 3
哪段提出扩大面积前先调查参与者认为有价值的活动？
### 4
哪段改变了记录收获量的方法，同时说明记录不能证明饮食改善？
### 5
哪段指出最初的工期忽略了种植前的基础准备？
### 6
哪段让新成员试用书面说明来找出遗漏步骤？
### 7
哪段区分初次购买价格和持续运营的劳动？
### 8
哪段说明团队暂不把小规模收获变成销售项目？
### 9
哪段把一次种植失败转化为关注当地条件的经验？
### 10
哪段说明按群体划分等面积用地并不适合不同的志愿者人数？
### 11
词汇迁移：译：灌溉系统和幼苗都需要照料，协调者因此制定了每周任务表。
### 12
词汇迁移：译：扩大面积与后续管理时间之间存在取舍，因此团队需要延续计划，而不只是种植日的热情。
## 参考答案与解析
### 1
**G**。nearby classroom及quiet working periods定位；不是彻底关闭。
### 2
**C**。wheelchair、reach和gravel path是具体障碍；raised beds与firmer path是回应。并未声称全场地对所有人无障碍。
### 3
**J**。先问哪些活动有价值，再考虑扩大；expansion不是自动成功标志。每条需核对完整陈述，不能只靠一一排除。
### 4
**E**。baskets大小不同，改weighing；未测before joining的饮食，不能推断营养改善。
### 5
**A**。soil…testing and improvement对应基础准备；within a month是过于乐观的工期。
### 6
**H**。newcomers test instructions使missing steps visible；这是交接质量检查。
### 7
**D**。low purchase price与continuing effort形成直接对照。
### 8
**I**。暂缓selling，继续分享；需求清单保持规模有限。
### 9
**F**。beans在阴处长不好，改至阳光处；local conditions比universal rule重要。
### 10
**B**。equal plots看似公平，但十人与两人参与能力不同；改shared work periods。
### 11
Both the irrigation system and the seedlings needed care, so the coordinator prepared a weekly task list. both…and并列复数。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。
### 12
There is a trade-off between expansion and the time needed for stewardship, so the team needs a continuity plan rather than enthusiasm only on planting day. trade-off between两个对象明确。6分：信息3，搭配2，句法1。