# 六级提高六：工作与技术议题的反方回应
本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
## 学习目标
1. 把复杂争议拆成条件明确的论点，公平呈现反方并回应其最强理由。
2. 用机制、例子和限制写出不依赖虚构统计的议论文。
3. 在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。
## 核心讲解
讨论自动化与工作，不能只写technology is good/bad。先定义任务：是自动生成排班草稿，还是不经人工审查直接决定员工工作时间？后者涉及额外影响。论点缩小到“哪些任务、什么条件、谁承担检查责任”，才可支持。
反驳有三种合理方式：承认问题但给缓解办法；承认某些情况例外而缩小主张；指出反方前提证据不足。不要给反方扣帽子。**Although automated tools can reduce repetitive work, workers still need a way to question decisions that affect them.** 同时承认效率与申诉需求。
### 原创论证范文
Employers should use automated tools to assist routine scheduling, but they should not treat the resulting timetable as a decision that nobody can question. A useful system must account for workers' circumstances as well as the number of shifts to be filled.
Automation can reduce repetitive administrative work. A tool may quickly identify an unfilled shift or a conflict between two assignments, leaving managers more time to discuss difficult cases with employees. This is a plausible benefit, not a guarantee that every tool will save time in every workplace.
The strongest objection is that rules built into a system may ignore needs that are hard to record. An employee caring for a relative, for example, may be available at times that change from week to week. A timetable can look efficient while placing an unreasonable burden on that person. This concern supports an appeal process and human review, rather than requiring a complete rejection of technology.
The right question is therefore not whether scheduling should be entirely human or entirely automated. It is whether a particular arrangement reduces routine work while keeping responsibility and a meaningful opportunity to correct mistakes.
范文的caregiving情景是说明机制，不冒充调查。最后提出评价标准而非断言“工具必定利大于弊”。
## 例题解析
稻草人反驳：People who dislike automation are afraid of progress.
合理反方：An automated schedule may fail to capture changing caring responsibilities.
针对回应：Employees should be able to explain exceptional circumstances and request review. 回应解决信息缺漏，不是说“系统先进所以别担心”。
## 本课词汇与搭配
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
| --- | --- |
| automation | n. 自动化；routine automation |
| routine | adj./n. 常规的／惯例；routine decisions |
| administrative | adj. 行政事务的；administrative work |
| assignment | n. 分配的任务；a shift assignment |
| burden | n. 负担；place a burden on somebody |
| appeal | n./v. 申诉；an appeal process |
| circumstance | n. 情况；exceptional circumstances |
| account for | 顾及／解释；account for individual needs |
| plausible | adj. 合理可信的；a plausible benefit |
## 词汇工坊
本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。**理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移**是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。
| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| algorithm | 算法；a scheduling algorithm | A scheduling algorithm applies rules supplied by its designers. |
| autonomy | 自主权；preserve worker autonomy | The policy should preserve meaningful worker autonomy. |
| discretion | 酌情判断；human discretion | Human discretion can address a case that the rules miss. |
| transparency | 透明度；decision transparency | Decision transparency helps workers understand a timetable. |
| appeal mechanism | 申诉机制；an accessible appeal mechanism | An appeal mechanism is useful only if workers can use it. |
| workforce | 劳动队伍；a diverse workforce | A diverse workforce may have varied scheduling needs. |
| caregiving | 照护；caregiving responsibilities | Caregiving responsibilities can change from week to week. |
| productivity | 生产率；measure productivity | Productivity should not be inferred from the calendar alone. |
| intensification | 强度增加；work intensification | A shorter schedule may coincide with work intensification. |
| equity | 公平；consider equity | Consider equity as well as overall efficiency. |
| displacement | 替代造成的转移；job displacement | A discussion of job displacement needs more than speculation. |
| reskilling | 技能重训；access to reskilling | Access to reskilling may differ between workers. |
| oversight | 监督；human oversight | Human oversight requires a real opportunity to change the result. |
| contest | 质疑；contest a decision | Employees need a way to contest a decision that affects them. |
## 练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
### 1
把“所有公司都应该完全自动化”缩成一条可辩护的有条件论点。
### 2
范文第二段的潜在好处是什么？为什么作者用may？
### 3
第三段照顾家人的例子支持哪一种具体担忧？
### 4
写一条公平反方：是否应把远程办公作为所有员工的默认安排？再给条件化回应。
### 5
改夸大句：An appeal process will eliminate every unfair decision.
### 6
写160—200词议论：Should workplaces use automated tools for routine decisions? 至少一条反方、一个回应和一个明确边界。
### 7
词汇迁移：译：排班算法应保留员工自主权，并提供可以实际使用的申诉机制。
### 8
词汇迁移：译：评估生产率时，还应关注劳动强度增加、公平和人的监督。
## 参考答案与解析
### 1
Companies could automate selected repetitive tasks if employees can review and correct the results. 条件与范围都明确；不同合理观点可接受。
### 2
快速识别空缺班次和任务冲突，可能减少重复行政工作。may保留工具与情境差异，未提供证明“每处都省时”的证据。
### 3
需要可能变化且不易编码；表面高效的规则可能给特定员工不合理负担。例子不是说所有照护者都无法排班。
### 4
Objection: Some jobs require equipment or face-to-face service at a workplace. Response: Remote work could be an option for suitable tasks rather than a rule applied to every role. 8分：真实相关反方3、回应条件3、语言2。
### 5
An appeal process **can help identify and correct some unfair decisions**, though it must be accessible and taken seriously. 消除all/every保证，保留实际目的。
### 6
可沿讲解范文发展，但须独立选例。另一合理方案是只自动整理材料，不自动决定结果。20分：清楚立场及范围4；机制与具体例子5；公平反方和直接回应5；组织2；准确得体语言4。若未写反方，反方/回应项最高1分；纯“技术万能”而无支持不得用高级词弥补。范文已完整展示可达标结构；合理不同立场同等评分。
### 7
A scheduling algorithm should preserve worker autonomy and provide an accessible appeal mechanism. should表示主张而非已实施。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。
### 8
When evaluating productivity, managers should also consider work intensification, equity and human oversight. when的执行者managers明确。6分：信息3，搭配2，句法1。