# 六级提高七：段落连贯与准确压缩

本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。

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## 学习目标

1. 追踪抽象名词指代和跨段转折，把多段信息压缩而保留论证限定。
2. 用名词化与主动句灵活改写，避免含糊指代和空洞抽象。

3. 在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。

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## 核心讲解

高密度书面文常用this assumption、such a distinction、the resulting gap回指整段命题。不能仅按最近一个单词解释。压缩时保留“谁主张什么、根据什么、在什么范围”；删除例子的细枝末节，但不能删除限制词。

### 原创阅读：Consent on a small screen
A shopping app asked users to agree to a long privacy notice before they could create an account. The notice described several uses of personal information, but the main screen displayed only a large button marked “Continue”. A link to further details appeared in smaller text beneath it. The company argued that all necessary information was available to anyone who wished to read it.

That argument treats availability as equivalent to understanding. Yet information can be technically accessible while remaining difficult to use at the moment of a decision. A person trying to buy a train ticket on a small screen may not know which part of a lengthy notice explains optional data sharing. The issue is not simply whether the text exists, but whether the choices and their consequences are clear.

A possible improvement is to separate essential account information from optional uses and explain each choice briefly. This would not remove the need for a full notice. Instead, it could help users identify which details deserve closer attention. Designers would still need to test whether people understood the distinction, rather than assume that shorter text always produces informed decisions.

The broader lesson concerns the gap between formal provision and practical usefulness. Publishing information is one step; helping people make sense of it is another. Neither a large button nor a shorter notice can by itself prove meaningful understanding.

此处是一般语言与设计讨论，不是个人法律意见。argument回指“必要信息已提供即足够”的公司观点；distinction回指essential与optional用途的区别。

名词化The provision of information does not guarantee understanding可改为Providing information does not guarantee that people understand it。两句都正确；后一种更易看清动作与执行者。不能为了正式而堆the implementation of the provision of…。

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## 例题解析

失真摘要：The author says that apps should remove long privacy notices because users never read them.

问题：remove与第三段not remove相反，never无依据。准确压缩：**The passage distinguishes making information available from making choices understandable. It suggests brief explanations of essential and optional uses while retaining full details, and argues that comprehension should be tested rather than assumed.**

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## 本课词汇与搭配

下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。

| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
| --- | --- |
| consent | n./v. 同意；informed consent |
| privacy | n. 隐私；a privacy notice |
| equivalent | adj. 等同的；equivalent to |
| consequence | n. 后果；understand the consequences |
| essential | adj. 必需的；essential information |
| comprehension | n. 理解；check comprehension |
| provision | n. 提供；the provision of information |
| retain | v. 保留；retain full details |
| distinction | n. 区别；make a distinction |



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## 词汇工坊

本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。**理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移**是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。

| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| data retention | 数据保留；a data-retention period | The notice stated a data-retention period in plain language. |
| permission | 许可；request permission | The app requested permission separately for optional uses. |
| opt in | 主动选择加入；opt in to sharing | Users could opt in to optional sharing without changing the basic service. |
| opt out | 选择退出；opt out of sharing | The guide explained how to opt out of optional sharing. |
| disclosure | 披露；clear disclosure | Clear disclosure should make the relevant choice understandable. |
| consent form | 同意书；read a consent form | The consent form separated required information from optional fields. |
| informed choice | 知情选择；support informed choice | A brief explanation can support informed choice without replacing full details. |
| data minimisation | 数据最小化；a data-minimisation principle | The design discussion asked whether every requested field was necessary. |
| ambiguity | 歧义；remove ambiguity | The new wording removed ambiguity about what the button did. |
| salient | 显眼重要的；make a choice salient | The designer made the optional choice more salient. |
| comprehensible | 易懂的；comprehensible wording | Comprehensible wording matters at the moment of a decision. |
| lengthy | 冗长的；a lengthy notice | A lengthy notice may contain useful details that are hard to locate. |
| nominal consent | 名义同意；avoid nominal consent | A ticked box alone may indicate only nominal consent. |
| meaningful | 实质有意义的；a meaningful choice | A meaningful choice requires an understandable alternative. |

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## 练习

先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。

### 1

第二段That argument指哪一个命题，而不只是哪个公司？

### 2

第三段the distinction指什么？

### 3

将The publication of the notice does not establish user comprehension改为清晰动词句。

### 4

为什么短通知仍需测试？用英文回答。

### 5

用45—60词总结全文，不采用“作者要求删除所有长文档”观点。

### 6

修改含糊句：The app showed a notice beside a button, but it was unclear. 若想说用户不知是否同意可选分享，怎样准确写？

### 7

词汇迁移：译：清楚披露和易懂措辞可以支持知情选择，但勾选方框本身未必代表实质理解。

### 8

词汇迁移：译：这份同意书分别解释了如何选择加入和退出可选分享，并列明数据保留期限。

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## 参考答案与解析

### 1

公司认为全部必要信息已经可供有意阅读者查阅，因而足以回应问题；不是泛指“公司拥有一个应用”。

### 2

创建账户必需的信息用途与可选的额外数据用途之间的区别；不是“长手机与短手机”。

### 3

Publishing the notice does not show that users understand it. 不等于出版毫无意义；只说明不能据此确认理解。

### 4

Shorter wording does not necessarily make the choices clear, so designers need to check what users actually understand. 依据第三段rather than assume。

### 5

The passage argues that making a privacy notice available does not ensure that users understand their choices. It proposes separating essential and optional data uses, with brief explanations and access to full details. However, designers should test understanding rather than assume that shorter text is sufficient. 10分：主张3、方案3、限制2、语言2。

### 6

The screen did not make clear whether clicking “Continue” meant agreeing to optional data sharing. 把不清楚的具体问题写出，不让it同时可能指app、notice或button。


### 7

Clear disclosure and comprehensible wording can support informed choice, but ticking a box alone may not indicate meaningful understanding. may not保留范围。6分：信息3，搭配2，句法1。

### 8

The consent form separately explains how to opt in to or opt out of optional sharing and states the data-retention period. how to并列，in to与out of各保留介词。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。