# 四上①：教室与家——there is / there are

> 4年级·上册/阶段；建议分2—4次完成。先独立作答，再核对；能看懂不等于能独立写对。

## 学习目标

- **P13.1** 用there is/are介绍房间里的事物并匹配数量
- **P13.2** 区分there be的存在与have的拥有，写简单房间段落
- **P13.3** 理解方位介词短语与定冠词the的指代

### 先备与学习方法

前课：en-primary-03b-check。先看例子，再遮住答案写出自己的句子。手写时保留空格；不会的词可先查本课词库，复测时不查。

## 词汇与用法

| 词/短语 | 意义 | 用法提醒 |
|---|---|---|
| classroom | 教室 | in the classroom |
| window | 窗户 | two windows |
| door | 门 | near the door |
| wall | 墙 | on the wall |
| floor | 地板；楼层 | on the floor |
| light | 灯 | three lights |
| computer | 计算机 | a computer |
| home | 家 | at home |
| room | 房间 | a room |
| bedroom | 卧室 | in my bedroom |
| living room | 客厅 | 两词组成房间名称 |
| kitchen | 厨房 | in the kitchen |
| bathroom | 浴室；卫生间 | in the bathroom |
| study | 书房；学习 | 此课名词指书房 |
| sofa | 沙发 | a sofa |
| table | 桌子 | 常指餐桌等 |
| phone | 电话 | on the table |
| picture | 图片；画 | on the wall |
| there | 那里 | there be结构介绍存在 |

## 核心讲解

房间里有什么，不一定是谁拥有：There is a bed in the room.（房间里有一张床。）There are two chairs near the bed.。先看be后面的名词：一个用is，多个用are。本课尽量一类事物一句，避免多个不同数量名词并列带来的复杂一致问题。

I have a room.侧重“我有”；There is a desk in my room.侧重“我的房间里存在某物”。不能写`There has a desk`。提问可把be提前：Is there a sofa? / Are there two windows?。回答Yes, there is. / No, there aren't.。

首次提某一张桌子常写a table；后面再指同一张写the table：There is a table. A book is on the table.。the不等于永远翻译成“这个”，而是提示读者能识别所指对象。

整段按照“房间整体—家具—小物品位置”写，比把物品名随意堆在一起更清楚。

## 例题解析

**例1：**two windows前补there be：There are two windows.，因为windows是复数。

**例2：**“我有一个书包，里面有一本书。”可写I have a bag. There is a book in the bag. 两句分别表达拥有与存在。

## 原创阅读

This is my bedroom. There is a bed near the window. There is a desk near the bed. Two books are on the desk. There are three pictures on the wall. My bag is under the desk. The room is small, but I like it.

## 练习

计分说明：普通学习课最后一题为书面表达，按后附4分量表单独记录；此前每个编号1分，多空/多问在该题内均分。客观题正确率分母为末题前的编号总数。累积检查另按其20分说明计分。

1. 填is/are：There __ a sofa in the living room.

2. 填is/are：There __ two lights in the classroom.

3. 改错：There has a computer in the study.

4. 把There is a table.改为一般疑问句。

5. 否定回答Are there two chairs?

6. 填a/the：There is __ desk. A pen is on __ desk.

7. 选择have/there is：I __ a new bag.

8. 阅读中床在哪里？

9. 阅读中墙上有多少幅画？

10. 根据阅读判断并改正：The bag is on the desk.

11. 写4句介绍一个真实或想象房间，至少有there is、there are及一个位置短语。

## 参考答案与解析

1. is。a sofa是单数。

2. are。two lights是复数。

3. There is a computer in the study. there be不能换成has。

4. Is there a table? 把is提前。

5. No, there aren’t. / No, there are not.

6. a；the。先引入一张桌子，再指同一张桌子。

7. have。主语I表示拥有。

8. Near the window. / The bed is near the window.

9. Three. / There are three pictures.

10. 不正确。The bag is under the desk. on与under不同。

11. 例：This is my room. There is a desk near the window. There are two books on the desk. My bag is under the desk. 须同时包含单复数存在句与方位。

## 写作示范与自评

**任务（与第11题一致）：**写4句介绍一个真实或想象房间，至少有there is、there are及一个位置短语。

**参考与说明：**例：This is my room. There is a desk near the window. There are two books on the desk. My bag is under the desk. 须同时包含单复数存在句与方位。

**书面表达4分量表：**任务完成1分（须满足题目全部信息及句数要求）；句子结构1分（主语、动词及语序）；词形用词1分（目标词汇、单复数等）；规范书写1分（大小写、空格、标点）。各项部分达成可给0.5分。开放信息允许合理变化，不要求逐字照抄。

## 复习与达标

隔一天遮住原文重做错题，再换人物或物品写两句新句子。客观题达到80%后进入下一课；追求95%须用未见过的同知识点题复测，并由教师或家长按本课要求检查书面表达。这是本站练习目标，不是学校考试成绩保证。