# 五上③：兴趣、运动与be / do / can分工

> 5年级·上册/阶段；建议分2—4次完成。先独立作答，再核对；能看懂不等于能独立写对。

## 学习目标

- **P25.1** 用like＋名词或动词-ing说明兴趣，区分do/play/go的常见搭配
- **P25.2** 在一般疑问句中正确选择be、do/does或can
- **P25.3** 在短文中区分人物喜欢、能够与经常做的事情

### 先备与学习方法

前课：en-primary-05a-02。先看例子，再遮住答案写出自己的句子。手写时保留空格；不会的词可先查本课词库，复测时不查。

## 词汇与用法

| 词/短语 | 意义 | 用法提醒 |
|---|---|---|
| hobby | 爱好 | 复数hobbies |
| sport | 运动 | sports |
| football | 足球 | play football |
| basketball | 篮球 | play basketball |
| ping-pong | 乒乓球 | play ping-pong |
| badminton | 羽毛球 | play badminton |
| volleyball | 排球 | play volleyball |
| chess | 国际象棋 | play chess |
| piano | 钢琴 | play the piano |
| guitar | 吉他 | play the guitar |
| kung fu | 功夫 | do kung fu |
| exercise | 锻炼；练习 | do exercise |
| paint | 用颜料画 | paint pictures |
| cook | 做饭 | like cooking |
| collect | 收集 | collect stamps |
| stamp | 邮票 | stamps |
| ride | 骑 | ride a bike |
| weekend | 周末 | on the weekend / at the weekend |

## 核心讲解

兴趣可以用like＋名词：I like football.；也可like＋动词-ing：I like playing football.。本课先积累playing、reading、swimming、cooking。like后用to do也可以，但先掌握一种形式写稳，避免like play。

搭配：play football/basketball/chess，球类与棋类前通常不用the；play the piano/guitar，乐器搭配本课用the；do kung fu、go swimming、ride a bike。词块比孤立翻译更容易用对。

判断问句的“发动机”：be句He is friendly. → Is he friendly?；普通动作He plays football. → Does he play football?；能力He can swim. → Can he swim?。每句只用相应结构，不写Does he can swim?或Is he play football?。

喜欢不等于会：I like swimming, but I can't swim well.是一种可能的情况。只能依据文中陈述区分兴趣、能力与习惯。

## 例题解析

**例1：**把She can play the piano.改问句：Can she play the piano?。can已在句中，不再加does。

**例2：**“他喜欢打篮球”可写He likes playing basketball.；主句likes体现第三人称，playing跟在like后表达活动，不写He like plays basketball。

## 原创阅读

Sam likes playing chess. He plays with his grandfather on Saturdays. He can also play basketball, but he does not enjoy football. Mei likes swimming. She cannot swim well yet, so she learns with a teacher. Both children like reading stories.

词义支架：enjoy＝喜欢；learns＝学习；both＝两个都；stories＝故事。

## 练习

计分说明：普通学习课最后一题为书面表达，按后附4分量表单独记录；此前每个编号1分，多空/多问在该题内均分。客观题正确率分母为末题前的编号总数。累积检查另按其20分说明计分。

1. 选择搭配：play/do kung fu；play/go swimming。

2. 填the或不填：play __ football；play __ piano。

3. 填形式：She likes __ (read) stories.

4. 填Is/Does/Can：__ he friendly? __ he play chess every week?（问是否有每周下棋的习惯） __ he swim?（问能力）

5. 把She can dance.改问句。

6. 把He plays basketball.改否定。

7. 改错：Does she can ride a bike?

8. Sam和谁下棋？什么时候？

9. Mei喜欢游泳，她已经游得好吗？给依据。

10. 两个孩子共同的兴趣是什么？

11. 写5句爱好介绍：自己与朋友各一种兴趣、一项能力、一项不会做的事、一个活动时间。

## 参考答案与解析

1. do kung fu；go swimming。

2. 不填；the。本课常见搭配。

3. reading或to read。like＋动词-ing和like＋to do都可表达这里的兴趣；本题未限定形式，两种均接受。

4. Is；Does；Can。分别为be性质、一般动作、能力。

5. Can she dance?

6. He does not play basketball. / He doesn’t play basketball.

7. Can she ride a bike? 有can不用does。

8. With his grandfather；on Saturdays。

9. 喜欢，但还游不好。依据cannot swim well yet。

10. Reading stories.

11. 例：I like playing football. My friend likes reading. I can ride a bike. I cannot swim. I play football on Saturdays. 五类信息齐全且动词结构匹配。

## 写作示范与自评

**任务（与第11题一致）：**写5句爱好介绍：自己与朋友各一种兴趣、一项能力、一项不会做的事、一个活动时间。

**参考与说明：**例：I like playing football. My friend likes reading. I can ride a bike. I cannot swim. I play football on Saturdays. 五类信息齐全且动词结构匹配。

**书面表达4分量表：**任务完成1分（须满足题目全部信息及句数要求）；句子结构1分（主语、动词及语序）；词形用词1分（目标词汇、单复数等）；规范书写1分（大小写、空格、标点）。各项部分达成可给0.5分。开放信息允许合理变化，不要求逐字照抄。

## 复习与达标

隔一天遮住原文重做错题，再换人物或物品写两句新句子。客观题达到80%后进入下一课；追求95%须用未见过的同知识点题复测，并由教师或家长按本课要求检查书面表达。这是本站练习目标，不是学校考试成绩保证。