# 15 名词性从句：事实、问题与建议

> 建议位置：高2·上；原创能力递进，不等同于学校实际学期/人教版单元。只训练书面英语。每个编号计一道练习；编号内小项不重复计数。

## 学习目标

- 区分主语、宾语和表语从句并保持陈述语序
- 通过成分选择that/what/whether等连接词
- 理解同位语从句及建议类虚拟形式的提高用法
- 在“公共决策、制度与权利责任”语境中区分常用词义、搭配并完成新的书面迁移。

## 核心讲解

### 1. 从句整体占据名词位置
**What the team needs** is more time（主语）；We know **that the test failed**（宾语）；The question is **whether we should repeat it**（表语）。that 一般只连接，不充当从句成分；what 兼有“所……的事物”意义并在从句中作成分。I know what he said：said 缺宾语；I know that he agreed：从句成分齐全。
### 2. 问句嵌入后用陈述语序
Where does she work? → I wonder where she works。不能保留 does she work。whether 常用于“是否”，尤其介词后、表语从句或 whether…or not 结构；普通宾语从句中 whether/if 均常可用，但语境可能有歧义。
### 3. 形式主语与信息安排
It is clear that the method has limits. it 占位，真正内容为 that 从句；不能把 It is clear what happened 中 what 误当纯连接词。主语从句整体常视为单数：What he said **was** surprising，但表语及句意可影响某些结构，先练常规情况。
### 4. 提高拓展，不当作全部基础要求
The news **that the trip had been cancelled** worried us：that 从句说明 news 的内容，是同位语从句；The news **that she shared**… 是定语从句，that 作 shared 的宾语。
建议/要求义：They recommended that the plan **(should) be revised**。不是所有 suggest 后都虚拟：The evidence suggests that the bridge **is** unsafe（“表明”）。

### 主题词汇拓展：公共决策、制度与权利责任

下面的词条按本课情境扩展意义与搭配，不是课标完整词表。先把词分成“人/物、行动、性质/关系”三组；同一中文词不保证英语可互换。每条搭配示范本课采用的义项。读完语境再做新增的两项迁移题；能认出词义但不能在句中正确使用时，仍应保留为待复习项。

### 本课词汇与搭配

|词条|词性 / 条目类型|核心义|语境搭配|
|---|---|---|---|
|budget|n.|预算|within the budget|
|obvious|adj.|明显的|an obvious difference|
|reliable|adj.|可靠的|reliable data|
|recommendation|n.|建议|make a recommendation|
|proposal|n.|提案|approve a proposal|
|assumption|n.|假设|question an assumption|
|claim|n./v.|主张；声称|support a claim|
|unclear|adj.|不清楚的|remain unclear|
|content|n.|内容|the content of a report|
|establish|v.|确立；建立|establish a fact|
|reject|v.|拒绝；否决|reject an explanation|
|reconsider|v.|重新考虑|reconsider a decision|
|authority|单词|当局；权限|local authorities|
|council|单词|议会；地方理事会|the town council|
|institution|单词|机构|a public institution|
|administration|单词|管理；行政部门|public administration|
|policy|单词|政策|a transport policy|
|regulation|单词|规章|safety regulations|
|legislation|单词|立法；法律总称|proposed legislation|
|principle|单词|原则|a guiding principle|
|standard|单词|标准|meet a standard|
|guideline|单词|指导准则|follow guidelines|
|consultation|单词|征求意见；咨询|public consultation|
|proposal|单词|提案|submit a proposal|
|amendment|单词|修正案|a proposed amendment|
|approval|单词|批准|seek approval|
|implementation|单词|实施|policy implementation|
|enforcement|单词|执行；执法|consistent enforcement|
|compliance|单词|遵守|compliance with rules|
|transparency|单词|透明度|improve transparency|
|accountability|单词|问责；责任|public accountability|
|representation|单词|代表性；代表权|fair representation|
|equality|单词|平等|equality of opportunity|
|equity|单词|公平|consider equity|
|inclusion|单词|包容；纳入|social inclusion|
|participation|单词|参与|public participation|
|obligation|单词|义务|a shared obligation|
|entitlement|单词|应得权利|an entitlement to support|
|appeal|单词|申诉；呼吁|submit an appeal|
|petition|单词|请愿书；请愿|sign a petition|
|consensus|单词|共识|reach consensus|
|majority|单词|多数|a clear majority|


## 阅读材料



### 主题词汇语境：公共决策、制度与权利责任

The council asked residents whether the proposed policy would improve access to public spaces. A consultation report explained what different groups needed and where their priorities conflicted. Approval did not mean that implementation was complete. The institution still had to publish guidelines and explain how appeals would be considered. Transparency required more than announcing a decision: residents needed to know why it had been made and who was accountable for carrying it out.

## 例题解析

**例 1** I cannot remember ___ I put the key. put 的宾语 key 已有，但缺地点，用 where；what 会和 key 争宾语位置。

**例 2** ___ matters is whether the data are reliable. → What。what 在从句中作 matters 的主语，整体 what matters 作主句主语。

**例 3** The suggestion that we should start early was accepted. 从句说明 suggestion 内容；对照 The suggestion that you made was accepted，that 作 made 宾语。

## 练习

1. 填词：We have discussed ___ the budget is enough, but we have not decided yet. 题意为“是否”。

2. 改错：Could you tell me where does the meeting take place?

3. 分别填 that/what：I believe ___ she is honest. I believe ___ she said about the event.

4. 将 that 从句移至句尾，用 it：That some information is missing is obvious.

5. 区分从句：The fact that surprised us was the delay. / The fact that the train was delayed surprised us.

6. 填词并解释 suggest 意义：The teacher suggested that the draft ___ (revise). The data suggest that the river ___ (be) cleaner this year.

7. 【主题词汇·辨义】分别用that/what/whether完成：①The report explains ___ residents requested. ②The question is ___ implementation is feasible. ③The council confirmed ___ the proposal had received approval。

8. 【主题词汇·迁移】写两句中性的决策报告，一句含whether，一句含that；至少用consultation、approval、implementation中的两词。

## 参考答案与解析

1. whether（普通宾语从句此处 if 也可，但 whether 更明确适合讨论是否的两种可能）。不能用 that，因为本句内容是未决问题而非已确立事实。

2. Could you tell me where the meeting takes place? 嵌入从句用陈述语序，删除 does；主语 meeting 单数，takes。

3. that；what。第一句从句主谓表齐全；第二句 what 作 said 的宾语，相当于 the things that。第一空宾语从句 that 在非正式表达可省，但本题要求二选。

4. It is obvious that some information is missing. it 为形式主语，that 从句在后。

5. 第一句 that surprised us 是定语从句，that 作 surprised 主语，筛选“令我们吃惊的那个事实”；第二句 that the train was delayed 说明 fact 内容，是同位语从句，that 不充当从句成分。

6. (should) be revised；is。第一句 suggest 为建议，draft 接受修改，故虚拟被动；第二句 suggest 为证据表明，使用正常陈述时态。

7. what（requested缺宾语）；whether（是否可行）；that（确认事实，后面成分完整）。approval是批准，implementation是实施，不把二者当同一阶段。

8. 示例：The consultation will examine whether the proposed timetable meets residents’ needs. The council stated that approval would be followed by a separate implementation plan. 要点：陈述语序；未来/过去报告时态内部一致；不杜撰现实机构政策。

## 订正与迁移

先遮住答案独立完成，再为每处错误记录“语境线索—适用规则—我的新例句”。隔一天换一个主题复做，不以背熟本页答案代替迁移。完整篇章写作按题后量规人工核查，短句产出按答案中的结构与信息要点自查；不把示例当成唯一答案。

## 课程与来源说明

原创高中书面英语能力递进课；参考人教版必修—选择性必修的能力梯度，但未取得学习者学校的准确版次和教学表，年级/学期仅为建议学习位置，不等同于官方教材单元对应。课标以2017年版2025年修订为当前版本；不把2020年文本称为最新，也不声称已逐条核对2025全文。考试形式参照已核验的江西/新课标公开说明；不含听力。

本课讲解、例句、语篇和题目为原创。来源链接用于课程/考试形式定位，不表示转载官方试题或逐句对应教材：

- https://www.neea.edu.cn/html1/report/2401/499-1.htm
- https://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/ss/202604/20260407/2293461519-4.html
- https://paper.jyb.cn/zgjyb/h5/html5/2026-06/09/content_144741_19604051.htm