本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
学习目标
把直接事实与有限推断分开，排除倒置因果和范围扩大的选项。
用英文简答表达证据所允许的结论而不加常识猜测。
在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。
核心讲解
推断题不是自由联想。可靠推断要由原文加很短的一步逻辑即可得到。若需要额外假设“所有年轻人都这样”，通常越界。常见干扰：原因结果倒置；把may改为must；把some改为all；把方案目标写成已达成结果；把没有提及写成明确反对。
原创阅读：The return of the printed map
When Riverside Museum introduced a free digital map, managers expected the number of printed maps to fall. Visitors could open the map on their phones and search for individual objects. The digital version also allowed staff to update information without printing new sheets. For a small museum with changing exhibitions, this was an obvious practical advantage.
The number of paper maps taken from the entrance did fall at first. Three months later, however, it began to rise again. Staff initially suspected that the digital system was failing. They checked the page and found that it opened correctly on the devices they tested. A brief visitor survey offered a different explanation. Some visitors wanted to keep their phones in their bags so that messages would not interrupt the visit. Others said a large paper map was easier for a family to examine together.
These responses did not show that the digital map had no value. Visitors arriving alone often used its search function, and teachers planning a visit appreciated being able to inspect the building in advance. The same person might also use the two formats at different stages: checking the digital map before arriving and carrying a paper copy inside. Treating each visitor as either a digital user or a paper user would hide this flexibility.
The museum therefore kept both versions. To limit unnecessary printing, staff stopped putting a map directly into every visitor's hand and instead made copies available on request. They also added a short note explaining that the digital map could be opened before a visit. The decision was based not on a contest between old and new technology, but on a clearer understanding of the different tasks visitors were trying to complete.
阅读时在每段旁写：数字优势／纸图回升原因／不同任务／双轨调整。题目若问第二段原因，就不能用第一段数字地图的优点替代。
例题解析
题：The return to paper maps proves that the digital map was technically unreliable. 正误？
原文说staff initially suspected故障，检查却未发现测试设备上不能打开；调查给出避免消息干扰和共同查看的原因。因此这是把“最初怀疑”冒充“最终证实”。正确表达：The increase in paper use could reflect visitors' preferences rather than a technical failure。
本课词汇与搭配
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
|---|---|
| format | n. 形式／格式；two formats |
| interrupt | v. 打断；interrupt a visit |
| inspect | v. 查看；inspect the building |
| in advance | 提前；plan in advance |
| flexibility | n. 灵活性；hide this flexibility |
| on request | 按要求；available on request |
| suspect | v. 怀疑；suspect a failure |
| reliable | adj. 可靠的；a reliable system |
词汇工坊
本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。
| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
|---|---|---|
| exhibit | 展品；a museum exhibit | The digital map helped visitors locate an exhibit. |
| curator | 策展人；a museum curator | The curator explained how objects were selected. |
| heritage | 遗产；cultural heritage | The exhibition explored local cultural heritage. |
| collection | 藏品；a permanent collection | The permanent collection changed less often than temporary displays. |
| interactive | 交互式的；an interactive map | An interactive map lets users search for an object. |
| interface | 界面；a clear interface | A clear interface makes the available choices visible. |
| navigate a route | 沿路线行进；navigate a route | Families used the paper map to navigate the route together. |
| orientation map | 导览地图；an orientation map | The orientation map showed the main entrances. |
| distraction | 干扰；avoid distractions | Some visitors put phones away to avoid distractions. |
| conservation | 保护修复；object conservation | Object conservation requires different expertise from designing labels. |
| caption | 说明文字；a photo caption | A photo caption identified the place and approximate date. |
| visitor profile | 游客特征；a visitor profile | A simple visitor profile can hide varied reasons for using a service. |
| hybrid | 混合的；a hybrid approach | Keeping both formats was a hybrid approach to access. |
| complement | 补充；complement another format | The paper guide complemented rather than replaced the website. |
练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
1
数字地图对馆方的一项优势是：A. It made printed maps unnecessary for family groups. B. It gave families a large map to examine together. C. It could be updated without printing new sheets. D. It stopped messages from interrupting visits.
2
调查明确提到的纸图偏好原因是：A. Getting exhibition updates before arrival. B. Searching for a named object more quickly. C. Letting family members examine a large map together. D. Replacing a digital page that failed on every tested device.
3
第三段flexibility具体指什么？
4
哪项推断有充分依据？A. Visitors using the digital map before arrival usually avoid paper copies inside. B. Family groups prefer paper because the museum’s digital search is unreliable. C. Teachers value the digital map because they can update exhibition information. D. Visitors’ choice of format can depend on the stage and purpose of a visit.
5
为什么把每位游客划为“纯数字”或“纯纸质”用户会误导判断？用英文一句回答。
6
馆方停止主动发给每人一份地图的目的是什么？这是否等于取消纸图？
7
用80—100字中文说明作者反对的简单二分法，以及采用的替代考虑方式。
8
词汇迁移：译：交互式地图与纸质导览图可以互相补充，因为游客有不同的需求。
9
词汇迁移：译：为了避免干扰，一些游客把手机收起，依靠图片说明文字了解文化遗产。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
1
C。第一段update…without printing new sheets直接支持。A与家人仍偏好纸图相矛盾；B把纸图的共同查看优势移给数字图；D把收起手机的目的误写成数字地图的功能。
2
C。第二段明确提到a large paper map was easier for a family to examine together。A、B混入数字格式的用途，而非调查给出的纸图偏好；D与在所测设备上能正常打开相矛盾。
3
同一人可在到馆前查数字图、馆内携纸图；选择随任务和阶段改变，不是永远固定一类用户。
4
D。第三段同一人到馆前查数字图、馆内用纸图的例子支持选择随阶段和任务变化。A的usually avoid未获支持；B把家庭共同查看误接到系统不可靠；C把馆方更新信息的功能移给教师。
5
It would hide the fact that the same visitor may use different formats for different tasks. 重点是same visitor与different tasks，不能只说“分类太难”。
6
限制不必要印刷；仍可按需领取纸图，所以不等于取消。on request是关键条件。
7
示例：作者反对把选择理解为新技术战胜旧技术，也反对把游客固定分成数字或纸质用户。调查显示，同一人在出行准备、家庭共同查看、避免消息干扰等不同任务中可能偏好不同格式。馆方因此保留两种版本，减少无需求的主动发放。评分8分：二分法3、任务差异3、措施2。
8
An interactive map and a paper orientation map can complement each other because visitors have different needs. complement是补充，不是compliment称赞。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。
9
To avoid distractions, some visitors put their phones away and relied on captions to learn about cultural heritage. 不写all visitors；rely on固定搭配。6分：信息3，搭配2，句法1。