本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
学习目标
按中文时间线选择现在、过去、完成和计划表达，避免见“了”就机械过去时。
用解释性表达翻译文化项目，保持数量、范围和事实不增加。
在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。
核心讲解
文化翻译先保信息，不追求生僻词。没有固定译名证据时可采用清楚描述，并避免把自创译名宣称为官方名称。地方手工艺可译local handicrafts；“传承”视语境译pass on a tradition或preserve traditional skills；“吸引游客”是attract visitors，不是attract visitors' eyes。
中文“了”不自动等于过去时：“近几年发生了变化”常用现在完成时；“去年举办了活动”用一般过去时；“已有五百年历史”可用has a history of…或dates back…，不必为了中文一个“有”固定用there is。没有确切年份不要自己补数字。
主动被动按信息焦点选择：“当地人每年举办活动”→Local residents hold the event every year；“活动每年举办”→The event is held every year。英语被动需要be+过去分词。传统仍在延续用现在时；计划举行用plan to，不把“将计划”写成既成事实。
原创翻译材料
这座小镇以传统手工艺闻名。过去，许多年轻人离开家乡，到大城市寻找工作。近年来，一些人回来开办工作室，把传统图案运用到日常用品中。当地学校也邀请手艺人向学生介绍制作过程。这些活动既帮助年轻人了解当地文化，也为手艺人提供了交流经验的机会。但如何在扩大销售的同时保持产品质量，仍是需要解决的问题。
参考译文：The small town is known for its traditional handicrafts. In the past, many young people left their hometown to look for work in large cities. In recent years, some have returned to open studios, using traditional patterns on everyday products. Local schools also invite craftspeople to explain how the products are made. These activities help young people learn about local culture and give craftspeople opportunities to share their experience. However, maintaining product quality while expanding sales remains a problem to be addressed.
末句用-ing短语作主语，maintaining…remains单数；to be addressed保留“待解决”，没有假装已有答案。craftspeople可替换为local artisans，普通准确表达优先。
例题解析
生硬译文：These activities not only let young people understand culture, but also provide craftsmen communicate experiences chances.
改为：These activities not only help young people learn about local culture but also give craftspeople opportunities to share their experience. 两个谓语help/give平行；give somebody opportunities to do；experience指整体经验时不可数，具体经历才可数experiences。
本课词汇与搭配
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
|---|---|
| handicraft | n. 手工艺品／手工艺；traditional handicrafts |
| craftsperson | n. 手艺人；复数craftspeople |
| artisan | n. 手工艺人；local artisans |
| pattern | n. 图案；traditional patterns |
| studio | n. 工作室；open a studio |
| maintain | v. 保持；maintain quality |
| pass on | 传承／传递；pass on a tradition |
| be known for | 以……闻名 |
| everyday | adj. 日常的；everyday products；every day则为每天 |
词汇工坊
本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。
| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
|---|---|---|
| craftsmanship | 手艺；traditional craftsmanship | The workshop introduced traditional craftsmanship through everyday objects. |
| craft technique | 工艺技法；preserve a craft technique | Written records can help preserve a craft technique. |
| motif | 装饰图案；a traditional motif | The designer used a traditional motif on a modern bag. |
| legacy | 传承遗产；a cultural legacy | A cultural legacy can be interpreted in new ways. |
| revival | 复兴；a revival of interest | The town saw a revival of interest in local crafts. |
| artisan workshop | 手工作坊；visit an artisan workshop | Students visited an artisan workshop to learn about its process. |
| innovation | 创新；combine tradition with innovation | The project combined tradition with innovation without claiming every change was better. |
| authenticity | 真实性／正宗性；a question of authenticity | The display explained why authenticity can be debated. |
| commercialisation | 商业化；the commercialisation of crafts | Commercialisation may create opportunities as well as pressures. |
| quality control | 质量控制；maintain quality control | Growing sales made quality control more important. |
| local identity | 地方认同；express local identity | Patterns on everyday objects can express local identity. |
| heritage preservation | 遗产保护；support heritage preservation | The school supported heritage preservation through written documentation. |
| transmit | 传递；transmit knowledge | Experienced workers helped transmit knowledge to newcomers. |
| sustain | 维持；sustain a tradition | A tradition needs people who can sustain it in daily use. |
练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
1
译：“这项活动去年首次举办。” 使用过去时被动。
2
译：“近年来，越来越多的学生开始关注本地文化。” 不添加百分比。
3
选词并解释：They shared their teaching ___ (experience/experiences). 语境是交流总体教学经验。
4
改错：The town is famous of its traditional patterns.
5
译：“学校计划下学期邀请两位手艺人。” 保留计划、时间和人数。
6
独立翻译材料最后两句，写出一处合理替代译法，并按10分表自评。
7
词汇迁移：译：这个作坊把传统装饰图案用于新产品，将手艺与创新结合起来。
8
词汇迁移：译：商业化可能带来机会，但传承技艺和保持质量控制仍然重要。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
1
The event was first held last year. be用过去式was，hold的过去分词held；不能was hold。
2
In recent years, more and more students have begun to take an interest in local culture. An increasing number of students…也可；不能把more and more擅自量化。
3
experience。此处总体经验不可数。experiences则偏一段段具体经历，如two memorable experiences，语义不同。
4
The town is famous for its traditional patterns. be known for也可；of不符合本搭配。
5
The school plans to invite two craftspeople next term. 不能The school invited…，那是已发生。
6
These activities help young people understand local culture while giving craftspeople opportunities to share their experience. However, how to expand sales without reducing product quality remains a challenge. 替代译法如share their experience→exchange ideas在“交流经验”上可接受但略宽，若要求最精准可写exchange practical knowledge。10分：两方面作用4、扩销同时保质难题3、句法搭配2、连接1；“quality has already improved”无原文依据。
7
The workshop used traditional motifs on new products, combining craftsmanship with innovation. combining逻辑主语workshop一致，with连接结合对象。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。
8
Commercialisation may create opportunities, but transmitting craft techniques and maintaining quality control remain important. 两项-ing并列主语用remain。6分：信息3，搭配2，一致1。