本课为原创大学书面英语能力课程，不对应统一的人教版大学教材或固定大学年级；不含听力。练习目标只反映本站材料掌握情况，不保证实际考试分数。
学习目标
将环境社会主题段落译成层次清楚的英文，处理目的、让步和并列。
保留正在进行、尚未确定、部分地区等限定，避免把倡议写成成果。
在本课主题中理解新增词块的语境用法，并把其中相关词项迁移到新的完整句子。
核心讲解
翻译抽象社会话题仍遵循“先核心信息，再修辞”。生态修复可用ecological restoration，但不会该词时可用restore damaged natural areas解释；不要因此漏译。公共设施可用public facilities；保护与利用不是固定非此即彼，按原文关系写。
原创翻译材料
某沿河城市正在把一片废弃工业用地改造成公共绿地。项目不仅希望为居民提供休闲空间，也计划恢复部分河岸植被，以减少雨水直接流入河道。然而，改造不能只考虑新建景观的效果。维护费用、周边居民的实际需要以及原有建筑的历史价值，都需要得到认真评估。市民可以通过书面意见参与讨论。目前，项目仍处于试行阶段，其长期影响尚不明确。
参考译文：A city beside a river is turning an abandoned industrial site into a public green space. The project aims not only to provide residents with a place for recreation but also to restore some riverside vegetation so that less rainwater flows directly into the river. However, the redevelopment should not be judged solely by the appearance of the new landscape. Maintenance costs, the practical needs of nearby residents and the historical value of existing buildings all require careful assessment. Residents can take part in the discussion by submitting written comments. The project is currently at a trial stage, and its long-term effects remain unclear.
注意：这是原创虚构城市案例，植被作用是项目计划说明，不是此地已测得效果。aims/plans不写成has achieved；some不写all；remain unclear不写will be beneficial。
不必一字一译
“需要得到认真评估”可译require careful assessment，也可must be carefully assessed；“书面意见”是written comments/feedback，不是written suggestions唯一选项；“历史价值”historical value，与economic value不同。并列三项作主语用require，不用requires。
例题解析
错误：The project has reduced all rainwater in the river and proved its long-term benefits.
原文只有目的“以减少直接流入”，不是减少河道全部雨水；长期影响未明。准确：The project plans to restore part of the riverbank to reduce direct rainwater flow, but its long-term effects remain uncertain. 学术词再高级也不能补救事实状态反转。
本课词汇与搭配
下列为本课实际讲解的词项；词形变化及同一词的不同义项不等于新增独立词汇量。
| 词项 | 本课义项及用法 |
|---|---|
| abandoned | adj. 废弃的；an abandoned site |
| industrial | adj. 工业的；industrial land |
| recreation | n. 休闲活动；a place for recreation |
| vegetation | n. 植被；riverside vegetation |
| restore | v. 恢复；restore a damaged area |
| landscape | n. 景观；an urban landscape |
| preserve | v. 保存／保护；preserve a building |
| assessment | n. 评估；careful assessment |
| long-term | adj. 长期的；long-term effects |
词汇工坊
本表补足本课话题的读写词块，含中学承接和大学应用，不将每项都计为大学新词。先遮住中文解释推测例句，再用自己的句子替换人物、时间或对象。理解义项、掌握搭配、能够迁移是三项不同任务；下方两道迁移练习检验部分关键词块，不代表全部词项已自动掌握。
| 词项 | 义项与搭配 | 原创语境例句 |
|---|---|---|
| ecological | 生态的；ecological restoration | The plan included ecological restoration along the river. |
| brownfield | 曾工业使用的土地；a brownfield site | The city proposed turning a brownfield site into a park. |
| runoff | 地表径流；reduce surface runoff | Reducing surface runoff was one aim of the trial design. |
| wetland | 湿地；a wetland area | The report distinguished the wetland area from the paved path. |
| habitat | 栖息地；protect a habitat | The team discussed how to protect habitats while improving access. |
| resilience | 恢复适应力；urban resilience | Urban resilience involves preparation for changing conditions. |
| emission | 排放；reduce emissions | The proposal aimed to reduce emissions but had not yet measured them. |
| carbon footprint | 碳足迹；estimate a carbon footprint | Estimating a carbon footprint requires a clear boundary for the calculation. |
| renewable | 可再生的；renewable energy | The article compared costs associated with renewable energy. |
| conserve | 节约保护；conserve resources | The plan sought to conserve resources without reducing essential access. |
| restoration | 恢复修复；a restoration project | The restoration project still needed a maintenance budget. |
| remediation | 修复治理；site remediation | The proposal listed site remediation as work requiring qualified assessment. |
| public consultation | 公众咨询；hold a public consultation | A public consultation invited written comments from nearby residents. |
| intergenerational | 代际的；intergenerational responsibility | The discussion linked long-term maintenance with intergenerational responsibility. |
练习
先独立完成，再核对答案；开放题须按要点人工评分，不以是否逐字等同范文评分。
1
译：“该项目正在进行，尚未完成。” 不用一般过去时暗示已完成。
2
译：“部分建筑将被保留，因为它们具有历史价值。” 保留部分与原因。
3
把Maintenance costs and residents’ needs requires assessment改正确，解释一致。
4
译：“虽然绿地可能改善居住环境，但后续维护也需要资金。” 不许把may改成guarantee。
5
独立翻译整段材料，至少给出“认真评估”和“参与讨论”的各一种替代译法。
6
译：“公众的支持并不意味着所有问题都已经解决。” 处理否定范围。
7
词汇迁移：译：这项生态修复计划希望减少地表径流并保护栖息地，但尚无结果证明目标已实现。
8
词汇迁移：译：公众咨询应讨论长期修复费用，以及如何节约资源而不减少必要使用机会。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
1
The project is under way and has not yet been completed. 或Work on the project is continuing; it is not finished yet。
2
Some buildings will be preserved because of their historical value. 或…because they have historical value。没有证据就不能写all。
3
Maintenance costs and residents’ needs require assessment. and连接两个并列主语，谓语复数；require本身主动表达“需要”。
4
Although the green space may improve the living environment, its maintenance will also require funding. could亦可；“可能”限定改善，不将维护成本抹掉。
5
参考译文见核心讲解。替代：be carefully evaluated；participate in the discussion。20分：进行中的改造3、双目标及部分植被4、转折与三评估项6、书面参与2、试行/长期未明3、自然准确语言2。合理分句和主动被动替换均可；漏任何一项限制扣相应信息分。
6
Public support does not mean that all the problems have already been solved. 是“支持不能推出所有问题已解”，不能改成“The public supports no solution”。
7
The ecological restoration plan aims to reduce surface runoff and protect habitats, but there is not yet evidence that these aims have been achieved. 不把aims写成已实现。6分：信息3，词块2，句法1。
8
Public consultation should address long-term restoration costs and how to conserve resources without reducing essential access. how to作讨论内容，不需问句倒装。6分：信息3，搭配2，句法1。