七至九年级原创英语读写课程 · 8年级下学期 · 第6课
适用与边界：按初中知识依赖循序推进，不冒充学校教材的精确单元顺序。全部短文、情境、题目为自编，不含听力。文中的80与95是本课程练习目标，不是中考分数承诺。
学习目标
- 根据真正主语而非邻近名词选择谓语形式。
- 正确使用there be、形式主语it及常见it句型。
- 识别并改正一致、代词、名词数与非谓语混合错误。
核心讲解
找中心词 不追着最后一个名词跑
The colour of these bags is bright。主语中心是colour，of these bags为修饰；不能因bags近就用are。Everyone/each/each student通常用单数；each of the students也按单数。one of the boys is...；a number of students are...表示许多学生，the number of students is...表示学生数量。
两个主语由and连接一般复数，但若作为一个整体或同一对象须看意义。with/as well as等附加信息通常不改变中心主语的数：The teacher with two students is here。either...or和neither...nor连接主语时，常按靠近谓语的成分一致；为了清晰，写作可避免结构过度复杂。family/team作为整体常单数，强调成员时部分英语变体可用复数，应看语境和一致性，不能断言永远只有一种。
it可指前述同一物，也可指天气、时间、距离：It is rainy；It is six；It is two kilometres to school。形式主语It is useful to review让真正的动作主语to review后移。It takes sb time to do表示花时；It is+形容词+for sb+to do常评价事情对某人的难易；It is kind of you to help评价人的品性。
there be介绍存在，it不能替它引出“有”：There are three books on the desk。there be中的主谓按存在对象，疑问回答用there。纠错按主干→时态/语态→从句→小词的顺序，别先改最显眼但原本正确的介词。
本课词汇与搭配
词义按本课语境给出；同一词可能还有其他含义。先遮住中文回忆，再把搭配写入自己的句子，不只抄单词。
| 词或短语 | 本课意思 | 常用搭配或用法 |
|---|---|---|
| agreement | 一致 | subject–verb agreement |
| number | 数量 | the number of |
| list | 清单 | a list of words |
| team | 团队 | a school team |
| distance | 距离 | a distance of two kilometres |
| necessary | 必要的 | It is necessary to |
| possible | 可能的 | It is possible to |
| kind | 善良的 | It is kind of you |
| review | 复习 | review regularly |
| regularly | 有规律地 | check regularly |
主题阅读与词汇扩展 跨文化交流与不带偏见的比较
以下为同课主题拓展的已讲词条，每条包含本课释义、搭配和原创例句。可遮中文回忆，再改写一个例句；不是要求一次背完，也不冒充官方完整词表。
| 词或表达 | 本课意思 | 搭配 | 原创例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| etiquette | 礼仪 | local etiquette | The visitor asks about local etiquette. |
| tradition | 传统 | a family tradition | This tradition is important to one family. |
| similarity | 相似处 | find a similarity | The students find a similarity between two stories. |
| diversity | 多样性 | cultural diversity | The display presents cultural diversity without ranking people. |
| stereotype | 刻板印象 | avoid stereotypes | We should avoid stereotypes about a whole country. |
| individual | 个人 个体的 | individual choices | Individual choices may differ within one community. |
| background | 背景 | a cultural background | A person's background does not tell us every preference. |
| occasion | 场合 | a special occasion | The meal marks a special occasion. |
| respectfully | 尊重地 | ask respectfully | Visitors can ask respectfully when they are unsure. |
| misread | 误读 | misread a gesture | A character misreads a gesture and then asks for clarification. |
选读脚手架：这段主题阅读用于在语境中复现词汇，不要求初次学习就独立认出所有词。先读后面的中文问题，再找谁、做什么、为什么；未列入词表的难词可查阅或请教师解释，不因出现过一次就计作已掌握。
原创主题短文
Two students compare how their families welcome guests. One family usually offers a large meal; the other often begins with a walk around the neighbourhood. Neither student treats the other's account as a rule for an entire country. They ask what the activity means to that particular family and whether it changes with the occasion. Their report uses “in this family” and “sometimes” rather than “everyone always”. Careful grammar helps them keep the comparison fair.
读写示范问题：为何in this family与sometimes比everyone always更准确？
证据解析与迁移：资料仅是两家经验，活动还随场合变化，范围词可防止刻板概括。主谓一致也要正确：Everyone has...，Individuals have...；语法准确与文化尊重共同服务精确表达。
以上是有解析的教学示范，不另计入独立编号练习；计分任务总数见练习区。
例题解析
例1：The list of new words ___ long。真正主语list，选is，words不是主语中心。
例2：A number of visitors ___ here. The number of visitors ___ rising。前空are表许多访客，后空is表数量。
例3：It is difficult for me to carry the box评价任务难度；It is kind of you to carry it for me评价you的善意，for/of不能盲换。
练习
作答要求：除填写答案或写句子外，非写作题均补一句简短理由或原文依据；答案中说明/依据的分数正用于这一步。开放写作按所列量表评分，不必另写语法理由。
共10个编号任务，每题10分，总分100分；一题多空按答案分项给分。第1—8题为基础区80分，目标至少64/80并订正错因；第9—10题为巩固迁移区。冲刺95%以全课得分除以总分计算，至少需95/100，还要求阅读依据可靠、写作切题，不能只背答案。开放题示例不是唯一答案。
1. G8B06-E01
填is/are：The price of these books ___ high.
2. G8B06-E02
填is/are：Each of the students ___ ready.
3. G8B06-E03
填is/are：A number of students ___ absent. The number of absent students ___ three.
4. G8B06-E04
填is/are：The teacher with two helpers ___ here.
5. G8B06-E05
按就近一致填is/are：Neither the teacher nor the students ___ late.
6. G8B06-E06
填it/there：___ are two chairs near the door. ___ is cold outside.
7. G8B06-E07
填for/of：It is kind ___ you to help me. It is hard ___ me to solve this problem.
8. G8B06-E08
用It takes改写：I spend twenty minutes walking to school.
9. G8B06-E09
改并解释两错：The number of books are growing. It have taken us a month to sort them.
10. G8B06-E10
写80—100词整理学习材料的建议，含one of/the number of之一及两个不同的it结构。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
1. G8B06-E01 答案
is。中心词price单数，of these books修饰它。答案6分，主语分析4分。
2. G8B06-E02 答案
is。each of...按单数处理。答案6分，依据4分。
3. G8B06-E03 答案
are；is。许多学生与学生数量意义不同。每空5分。
4. G8B06-E04 答案
is。with附加信息不把teacher变成复数主语。答案6分，中心词4分。
5. G8B06-E05 答案
are。离谓语近的students复数；在本课所教neither...nor结构按就近一致。形式6分，依据4分。
6. G8B06-E06 答案
There；It。前句引存在，后句说天气。每空5分。
7. G8B06-E07 答案
of；for。前者评价人的品性，后者评价任务对某人的难度。每空5分。
8. G8B06-E08 答案
It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school. 人称变宾格me，time+to do。结构8分，说明2分。
9. G8B06-E09 答案
The number of books is growing. It has taken us a month to sort them. number中心单数用is；it配has。两处修改各3分，两理由各2分。
10. G8B06-E10 答案
示例：One of my useful habits is reviewing my word list every Friday. The number of examples in my notebook is growing, so it is necessary to keep them in order. I put grammar notes and reading notes in different sections. It takes me about ten minutes to check each section. I also mark questions that I still cannot explain. This helps me use my next study period well. A clear notebook does not replace practice, but it makes careful practice easier to organise. 内容4分，主谓及it结构4分，逻辑与限制2分。
学习证据与复习
基础区低于64分：返回本课核心讲解，给每个错误贴上“词义、句法、时间、证据、表达”之一，再不看答案重做。达到基础目标：隔两天用不同主语或情境重新造句。冲刺95：将第9题的证据位置和第10题的修改理由写出来；不要把一次满分当成迁移能力。
前置复习：上一课。
课程定位参考：人民教育出版社新版初中英语教材介绍。仅用于教材背景，不表示出版社审核或认可本课程。