6年级·下册/阶段；建议分2—4次完成。先独立作答，再核对；能看懂不等于能独立写对。
学习目标
- P39.1 用was/were描述过去状态并构成否定与疑问
- P39.2 用规则动词过去式描述已结束事件，掌握-ed拼写
- P39.3 用yesterday/last…等时间线索区别过去与现在
先备与学习方法
前课：en-primary-06b-01。先看例子，再遮住答案写出自己的句子。手写时保留空格；不会的词可先查本课词库，复测时不查。
词汇与用法
| 词/短语 | 意义 | 用法提醒 |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday | 昨天 | 过去时间 |
| last night | 昨晚 | last前不用on |
| last weekend | 上周末 | 过去时间 |
| ago | 以前 | two days ago |
| was | 过去是；在 | I/he/she/it was |
| were | 过去是；在 | you/we/they were |
| cleaned | 打扫了 | clean→cleaned |
| watched | 看过；观看了 | watch→watched |
| washed | 洗了 | wash→washed |
| visited | 参观/拜访了 | visit→visited |
| played | 玩了；打过 | play→played |
| studied | 学习了 | study→studied |
| stopped | 停下了 | stop→stopped |
| lived | 居住过 | live→lived |
| helped | 帮助了 | help→helped |
| enjoyed | 喜欢；享受了 | enjoy→enjoyed |
| changed | 改变了 | change→changed |
| then | 那时；然后 | 过去叙事可用 |
| ago | 以前 | 放时间长度后 |
核心讲解
过去时间里be变成was/were：I was at home yesterday. / They were happy.。I/he/she/it及单数姓名用was，you/we/they用were。否定was not/wasn't、were not/weren't；疑问Was he…? / Were they…?。不要套现在的am/is/are去写明确结束的过去状态。
规则动词过去式多数加-ed：cleaned、watched；以e结尾加-d：lived；辅音＋y变-ied：studied；play的y前为元音，写played；stop这类短词双写末尾辅音再加-ed：stopped。本课通过文字比较字形，不做词尾发音听辨。
过去肯定句不随主语再加-s：I played. / She played. / They played.。不是She playeds。yesterday、last Sunday、two days ago常提示已结束时间，通常不加on last Sunday或in yesterday。
叙事可按First…Then…After that…组织；先明确何时，再写发生了什么和当时感受。下一课学习实义动词过去句的did问法，不能把所有过去句都随意加was。
例题解析
例1：They __ at home yesterday. 主语they＋过去，填were。问句为Were they at home yesterday?。
例2：“她上周学习了英语”：She studied English last week.。study改studied，不同时加was或-s。
原创阅读
Last Saturday, our classroom was untidy after an art activity. Four pupils stayed to help. First, Mei cleaned the desks. Then Ben washed the brushes. Sam and Lin picked up paper from the floor. Our teacher helped us put the pictures on the wall. We were tired, but we were pleased with the clean room. The next morning, the classroom was ready for a new week.
词义支架：untidy＝不整洁的；stayed＝留下；brushes＝刷子；picked up＝捡起；pleased＝满意的；ready＝准备好的。
练习
计分说明：普通学习课最后一题为书面表达，按后附4分量表单独记录；此前每个编号1分，多空/多问在该题内均分。客观题正确率分母为末题前的编号总数。累积检查另按其20分说明计分。
填was/were：I __ tired. They __ at home.（昨天）
把She was ill yesterday.改否定。
把They were in the classroom.改一般疑问句。
写过去式：clean, live, study, play, stop。
改错：She playeds football yesterday.
改错：We were cleaned the room yesterday.（表达动作）
把“我们两天前很忙”写成英文。
教室是在什么活动后不整洁的？
四位同学做了哪些事？写出至少三项。
他们最后感觉怎样？请保留转折信息。
写55—75词一次过去的劳动/活动：明确时间、至少三个规则过去式动作、过去状态和感受；不要求虚构受伤或负面事件。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
was；were。过去be与主语搭配。
She was not ill yesterday. / She wasn’t ill yesterday.
Were they in the classroom?
cleaned, lived, studied, played, stopped。
She played football yesterday. 过去式不再加-s。
We cleaned the room yesterday. 动作过去肯定句不另加were。
We were busy two days ago. ago放时间长度后。
在一次美术活动之后。after an art activity提供时间背景，未说明具体是谁怎样把教室弄乱的。
擦桌子、洗刷子、捡纸；老师帮忙挂画。题问四位同学，前三项满足，老师活动不可代替同学活动。
Tired but pleased. 不能只写累而漏满意。
示例：Last Sunday, I helped my family at home. First, I cleaned the table and washed some cups. Then I picked up the toys in my room. My sister helped me put the books on the shelf. We were tired, but our home was clean. I was happy because we worked together and finished before lunch. 使用过去动作与was/were，任务项清楚。
写作示范与自评
任务（与第11题一致）：写55—75词一次过去的劳动/活动：明确时间、至少三个规则过去式动作、过去状态和感受；不要求虚构受伤或负面事件。
参考与说明：示例：Last Sunday, I helped my family at home. First, I cleaned the table and washed some cups. Then I picked up the toys in my room. My sister helped me put the books on the shelf. We were tired, but our home was clean. I was happy because we worked together and finished before lunch. 使用过去动作与was/were，任务项清楚。
书面表达4分量表：任务完成1分（须满足题目全部信息及词数要求）；句子结构1分（主语、动词及语序）；词形用词1分（目标词汇、单复数等）；规范书写1分（大小写、空格、标点）。各项部分达成可给0.5分。开放信息允许合理变化，不要求逐字照抄。
复习与达标
隔一天遮住原文重做错题，再换人物或物品写两句新句子。客观题达到80%后进入下一课；追求95%须用未见过的同知识点题复测，并由教师或家长按本课要求检查书面表达。这是本站练习目标，不是学校考试成绩保证。