跳到正文

英语学习 / 初中英语 / 七年级 · 下

一般过去时 讲清昨天发生了什么

形成规则过去式并掌握常用不规则过去式。

本课教材定位与编排说明(暂定参照)

江西地区暂按人教版学习背景设计的原创能力进阶课,不是教材逐单元复刻;具体采用版次须与学校核对。新教材九年级分上、下册。本课不含听力。

完整来源与范围

先修建议:现在进行时 看见眼前正在发生的事

七至九年级原创英语读写课程 · 7年级下学期 · 第2课

适用与边界:按初中知识依赖循序推进,不冒充学校教材的精确单元顺序。全部短文、情境、题目为自编,不含听力。文中的80与95是本课程练习目标,不是中考分数承诺。

学习目标

  • 形成规则过去式并掌握常用不规则过去式。
  • 区分was/were句与did句的否定及提问。
  • 用过去时及时间顺序讲述一段完整经历。

核心讲解

过去时间轴上的完成事件

一般过去时把事件放在过去:We visited a farm yesterday。时间可由yesterday、last week、two days ago或上下文提供。不一定每句都出现时间词,故事设定过去后常持续用过去时。be的过去为was(I/he/she/it/单数)和were(you/we/they/复数)。否定wasn't/weren't,提问把was/were提前。

实义动词过去式不随人称再变化:I played,She played。规则动词一般加ed;以e结尾加d;辅音+y改y为ied(study→studied);部分重读闭音节双写后加ed(stop→stopped)。常见不规则:go→went,see→saw,take→took,buy→bought,eat→ate,write→wrote,make→made,find→found,leave→left,bring→brought,feel→felt。

否定和疑问借did:She didn't go;Did she go? did承担过去时,后面回到原形;不可写didn't went。问主语的Who came?不另加did。ago从现在往回算一段距离;last后面不用再加ago。went there/home不加to,went to school有to。

故事至少要有起因、主要动作和结果。first/then/after that/finally能帮助排序,但不要每句机械使用。感受应由事件支持,而不是所有故事最后都套“I was very happy”。

本课词汇与搭配

词义按本课语境给出;同一词可能还有其他含义。先遮住中文回忆,再把搭配写入自己的句子,不只抄单词。

词或短语 本课意思 常用搭配或用法
yesterday 昨天 yesterday morning
ago 以前 two days ago
trip 短途旅行 a school trip
arrive 到达 arrive at the station
leave 离开 leave home
suddenly 突然 suddenly stop
luckily 幸运地 Luckily, ...
finally 最后 finally arrive
experience 经历 an unusual experience
result 结果 the result of

主题阅读与词汇扩展 难忘的一天与情绪变化

以下为同课主题拓展的已讲词条,每条包含本课释义、搭配和原创例句。可遮中文回忆,再改写一个例句;不是要求一次背完,也不冒充官方完整词表。

词或表达 本课意思 搭配 原创例句
excited 兴奋的 feel excited We felt excited before the trip.
disappointed 失望的 be disappointed I was disappointed when the bus left.
surprised 惊讶的 be surprised at She was surprised at the quiet garden.
worried 担忧的 be worried about He was worried about his lost bag.
proud 自豪的 be proud of They were proud of their careful work.
thankful 感激的 be thankful for I was thankful for the help.
embarrassed 尴尬的 feel embarrassed She felt embarrassed about the mistake.
calm 平静的 stay calm We tried to stay calm and check the map.
patiently 耐心地 wait patiently The group waited patiently.
lesson 教训 课 learn a lesson We learned a lesson from the delay.

选读脚手架:这段主题阅读用于在语境中复现词汇,不要求初次学习就独立认出所有词。先读后面的中文问题,再找谁、做什么、为什么;未列入词表的难词可查阅或请教师解释,不因出现过一次就计作已掌握。

本段词注:sketchbook=速写本;exit=出口。把遗失—告知—找回—改变习惯排成时间线。

原创主题短文

On a class visit, Bo left his sketchbook on a bench. He noticed the loss when the group reached the exit. At first he felt embarrassed and said nothing. Then he told the teacher. They checked the places the group had visited, and a museum worker found the book near the same bench. Bo was thankful, but he also changed a habit: before leaving a place, he checked the items he had brought.

读写示范问题:Bo的感受怎样变化?故事结尾提供了什么实际收获?

证据解析与迁移:先尴尬后感激;学会离开地点前检查随身物。叙事不能只给一串情绪词,需对应触发事件;用noticed/told/found等过去式把因果写清。

以上是有解析的教学示范,不另计入独立编号练习;计分任务总数见练习区。

例题解析

例1:We ___ (be) tired after the trip。主语we,过去语境,填were。

例2:Did she ___ (bought/buy) a map? did后选buy。错误来自把中文“过去”重复标在两个动词上。

例3:The bus left at nine. We arrived at nine ten。时间证据说明没赶上这趟车;不能因为arrived本身积极就推断成功上车。

练习

作答要求:除填写答案或写句子外,非写作题均补一句简短理由或原文依据;答案中说明/依据的分数正用于这一步。开放写作按所列量表评分,不必另写语法理由。

共10个编号任务,每题10分,总分100分;一题多空按答案分项给分。第1—8题为基础区80分,目标至少64/80并订正错因;第9—10题为巩固迁移区。冲刺95%以全课得分除以总分计算,至少需95/100,还要求阅读依据可靠、写作切题,不能只背答案。开放题示例不是唯一答案。

1. G7B02-E01

写过去式:visit;study;stop;go。

2. G7B02-E02

填was/were:I ___ late, but my friends ___ on time.

3. G7B02-E03

改否定:She bought a ticket.

4. G7B02-E04

改疑问:They were at the farm.

5. G7B02-E05

改错:Did you saw the bird?

6. G7B02-E06

写过去式:take;write;feel;bring。

7. G7B02-E07

翻译“我们两天前回家了”。

8. G7B02-E08

按时间排列:①We ate lunch at twelve. ②We left home at eight. ③We arrived at ten.

9. G7B02-E09

阅读:Ning planned to take photos at the lake. When he arrived, he found that his camera battery was empty. He drew the lake instead and gave the drawing to his grandmother. 计划怎样变化?最终送了什么?

10. G7B02-E10

写60—70词昨天一次计划改变的经历,要有原计划、问题、解决办法和结果。

参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开

参考答案与解析

1. G7B02-E01 答案

visited;studied;stopped;went。每项2.5分,go是不规则变化。

2. G7B02-E02 答案

was;were。I用was,friends复数用were。每空5分。

3. G7B02-E03 答案

She didn’t buy a ticket. didn’t后buy原形。助动词5分,原形5分。

4. G7B02-E04 答案

Were they at the farm? be过去句直接提前were。结构8分,标点2分。

5. G7B02-E05 答案

Did you see the bird? did后see原形。改句8分,原因2分。

6. G7B02-E06 答案

took;wrote;felt;brought。每项2.5分。不要把bring的过去写成brang。

7. G7B02-E07 答案

We went home two days ago. went home不加to,ago放时间长度之后。主干6分,搭配4分。

8. G7B02-E08 答案

②③①。eight→ten→twelve;排序6分,写出时间依据4分。

9. G7B02-E09 答案

计划拍照,但相机没电,改成画画;送给祖母的是画,不是照片。计划及原因4分,替代行动3分,结果3分。词instead表示替代。

10. G7B02-E10 答案

示例:Yesterday I wanted to play football with my friends. It rained heavily before we left home, so we changed our plan. We met at my house and made a board game with paper. At first the rules were confusing. We tried the game twice and made them clearer. In the end, everyone enjoyed it. We kept the game for another rainy day. 内容四项4分,过去时及动词形式4分,顺序连贯2分。

学习证据与复习

基础区低于64分:返回本课核心讲解,给每个错误贴上“词义、句法、时间、证据、表达”之一,再不看答案重做。达到基础目标:隔两天用不同主语或情境重新造句。冲刺95:将第9题的证据位置和第10题的修改理由写出来;不要把一次满分当成迁移能力。

前置复习:上一课。

课程定位参考:人民教育出版社新版初中英语教材介绍。仅用于教材背景,不表示出版社审核或认可本课程。

课程参照:人教版七至九年级英语新教材介绍。这里的例文、练习与解析为本站原创,不是教材原文或官方真题。