七至九年级原创英语读写课程 · 8年级上学期 · 第1课
适用与边界：按初中知识依赖循序推进，不冒充学校教材的精确单元顺序。全部短文、情境、题目为自编，不含听力。文中的80与95是本课程练习目标，不是中考分数承诺。
学习目标
- 使用was/were doing描述过去正在进行的动作。
- 区分背景动作与打断事件并恰当使用when/while。
- 根据时间线阅读和复述有并行事件的故事。
核心讲解
把观察点放回过去
At eight last night, I was reading：观察点为昨晚八点，阅读在那一刻展开。谓语为was/were+doing，否定wasn't/weren't doing，疑问Was/Were+主语+doing? 与一般过去时I read a book last night相比，过去进行时强调当时过程，不告诉我们何时结束或是否读完。
短动作打断长动作：I was cooking when the phone rang。was cooking作背景，rang为插入事件；不是所有when后都只能一般过去时，When I was walking home, I saw a dog也正确。while常引出持续中的背景，两个同时进行的动作可写While I was reading, my sister was drawing。
不能仅用“长动词/短动词表”代替语境。I stood at the door可能强调一次站立事件；I was standing at the door强调当时状态过程。know、believe等状态意义通常仍不用进行时。The lights went out while we were studying先判断事件关系，再定形式。
阅读含多个人物的故事可画两条时间线。代词he/she不一定每句换指人，需追踪动作主体。写故事先交代背景，写触发事件，再写反应与结果；如果全篇都用过去进行时，会失去推进事件的主线。
本课词汇与搭配
词义按本课语境给出；同一词可能还有其他含义。先遮住中文回忆，再把搭配写入自己的句子，不只抄单词。
| 词或短语 | 本课意思 | 常用搭配或用法 |
|---|---|---|
| background | 背景 | the background of a story |
| interrupt | 打断 | interrupt an activity |
| ring | 响铃 | the phone rang |
| storm | 暴风雨 | during the storm |
| power | 电力 力量 | the power went out |
| search | 搜寻 | search for keys |
| notice | 注意到 | notice a change |
| knock | 敲 | knock at the door |
| shelter | 避雨处 庇护 | find shelter |
| continue | 继续 | continue working |
主题阅读与词汇扩展 休闲爱好与同时发生的活动
以下为同课主题拓展的已讲词条，每条包含本课释义、搭配和原创例句。可遮中文回忆，再改写一个例句；不是要求一次背完，也不冒充官方完整词表。
| 词或表达 | 本课意思 | 搭配 | 原创例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| hobby | 业余爱好 | develop a hobby | My hobby is making paper models. |
| leisure | 闲暇 | leisure time | People use leisure time in different ways. |
| collect | 收集 | collect stamps | She collects stamps with animal pictures. |
| collection | 收藏品 | a stamp collection | The collection fills two small albums. |
| stamp | 邮票 | a postage stamp | The stamp shows an old bridge. |
| photography | 摄影 | learn photography | He enjoys photography on local walks. |
| knit | 编织 | knit a scarf | My aunt was knitting a scarf. |
| puzzle | 谜题 拼图 | solve a puzzle | We were solving a puzzle together. |
| relax | 放松 | relax after work | Drawing helps her relax after work. |
| creative | 有创造力的 | a creative hobby | A creative hobby gives me room to try ideas. |
选读脚手架：这段主题阅读用于在语境中复现词汇，不要求初次学习就独立认出所有词。先读后面的中文问题，再找谁、做什么、为什么；未列入词表的难词可查阅或请教师解释，不因出现过一次就计作已掌握。
原创主题短文
At the community hobby afternoon, people were doing different things. Some were sorting stamps, while others were making paper models. Lin was trying a puzzle when a volunteer asked her to explain her method. She noticed that she had been moving pieces without looking at their colours. After a short pause, she changed her approach. The event was not a contest to find the “best” hobby. It gave people time to explore an interest and learn from another person.
读写示范问题：哪个动作构成背景，哪个事件打断它？怎样避免把休闲变成高低评比？
证据解析与迁移：trying a puzzle是背景，volunteer asked是插入事件；结尾明确非比赛，重点是探索和交流。短文中的had been moving属于高阶背景表达，可只理解“此前一直移动”；本课写作可改为she was moving pieces而不要求该结构。
以上是有解析的教学示范，不另计入独立编号练习；计分任务总数见练习区。
例题解析
例1：At nine yesterday morning, the students ___ (take) a test。特定过去时点，动作正在展开，填were taking。
例2：While I ___ (look) for my keys, my brother ___ (find) them under a book。持续寻找是was looking；发现这个结果是found。while并不要求主句也用进行时。
例3：I was washing dishes when Mum came home。只能推出母亲到家时洗碗正在进行，不能推出洗完碗才到家。
练习
作答要求：除填写答案或写句子外，非写作题均补一句简短理由或原文依据；答案中说明/依据的分数正用于这一步。开放写作按所列量表评分，不必另写语法理由。
共10个编号任务，每题10分，总分100分；一题多空按答案分项给分。第1—8题为基础区80分，目标至少64/80并订正错因；第9—10题为巩固迁移区。冲刺95%以全课得分除以总分计算，至少需95/100，还要求阅读依据可靠、写作切题，不能只背答案。开放题示例不是唯一答案。
1. G8A01-E01
表达昨晚七点正在吃饭，用过去进行时填空：At seven yesterday, we ___ (have) dinner.
2. G8A01-E02
改否定：She was reading then.
3. G8A01-E03
改为一般疑问句：They were waiting outside.
4. G8A01-E04
表达看见狗时正在走回家：I ___ (walk) home when I ___ (see) a lost dog.
5. G8A01-E05
填空：While Mum was cooking, Dad ___ (set) the table. 要表达两动作当时同时进行。
6. G8A01-E06
改错：I was knew the answer.
7. G8A01-E07
用when合并：We were studying. The lights went out.
8. G8A01-E08
解释“I was reading a book at nine”能否证明九点已读完。
9. G8A01-E09
阅读：Qin was drawing a map while Rui was checking the route. A neighbour knocked at the door and told them the bridge was closed. They changed the route before leaving. 哪件事改变计划？敲门前两人在做什么？
10. G8A01-E10
写70—90词故事开头与结果，含一个过去进行时背景、一个打断事件和一次合理反应。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
1. G8A01-E01 答案
were having。we配were，过去时点强调进行中。形式6分，依据4分。
2. G8A01-E02 答案
She wasn’t reading then. not放was后；doing保留。结构8分，说明2分。
3. G8A01-E03 答案
Were they waiting outside? be过去式提前，不借did。结构8分，说明2分。
4. G8A01-E04 答案
was walking；saw。走路为背景，看到为发生的事件。每空5分。
5. G8A01-E05 答案
was setting。题干要求并行动作，set双写t加ing。形式6分，同时性说明4分。
6. G8A01-E06 答案
I knew the answer. knew为know过去式；状态意义know通常不用进行时。修改7分，理由3分。
7. G8A01-E07 答案
We were studying when the lights went out. 持续学习为背景，停电为插入事件。主句4分，从句4分，说明2分。
8. G8A01-E08 答案
不能。进行时说明九点阅读正在进行，不提供完成结果。判断4分，意义解释6分。
9. G8A01-E09 答案
邻居告知桥关闭使他们改变路线；Qin画地图，Rui查路线。转折事件4分，两项背景各3分。不要把drawing误当出发后活动。
10. G8A01-E10 答案
示例：At eight last night, I was preparing a poster for our class while my sister was drawing beside me. Suddenly, the light above the table went out. We stopped working and called our father. He asked us to use another lamp and leave the broken one alone. We moved our paper to the next room and finished the poster there. The unexpected problem changed our workspace, but not our original plan. 内容4分，过去进行/过去简单对比4分，事件连贯2分。
学习证据与复习
基础区低于64分：返回本课核心讲解，给每个错误贴上“词义、句法、时间、证据、表达”之一，再不看答案重做。达到基础目标：隔两天用不同主语或情境重新造句。冲刺95：将第9题的证据位置和第10题的修改理由写出来；不要把一次满分当成迁移能力。
前置复习：上一课。
课程定位参考：人民教育出版社新版初中英语教材介绍。仅用于教材背景，不表示出版社审核或认可本课程。