七至九年级原创英语读写课程 · 8年级下学期 · 第2课
适用与边界：按初中知识依赖循序推进，不冒充学校教材的精确单元顺序。全部短文、情境、题目为自编，不含听力。文中的80与95是本课程练习目标，不是中考分数承诺。
学习目标
- 使用情态动词、将来和完成时被动表达规则与进度。
- 区分be used to do、used to do和be used to doing。
- 处理短语动词被动、双宾语及主动形式表被动意义的常见情况。
核心讲解
保留时间和态度 再加被动层
情态动词被动：can/must/should+be+过去分词，如The form must be signed。将来被动will be done：The results will be posted tomorrow。现在完成时被动have/has been done：The room has been cleaned。不要漏be/been，也不要把done误写成doing。本课程在已学时态上识别和运用这些常见组合，不要求把所有时态变体机械堆成表。
短语动词作为整体：look after→be looked after；take care of→be taken care of。介词不能丢：The children are looked after，不是are looked。双宾语give可让接受者作主语：I was given a book；也可让物作主语：A book was given to me。被动后to me说明接受者，不是执行者。
make sb do在主动中省to，被动常还原to：He was made to wait。hear/see sb do的被动也常有to；see sb doing强调正在进行，转换需保留语义，不能一律to do。
三组used：used to do过去常常；be used to doing习惯于；be used to do被用于做。The knife is used to cut paper讲用途；I am used to using this tool讲习惯。某些动词主动形式表达事物特性：The book sells well，不能为中文“卖得好”硬写is sold well。need doing≈need to be done：The room needs cleaning。做题先问句意是否确实需要被动，而不是每题都找be。
本课词汇与搭配
词义按本课语境给出；同一词可能还有其他含义。先遮住中文回忆，再把搭配写入自己的句子，不只抄单词。
| 词或短语 | 本课意思 | 常用搭配或用法 |
|---|---|---|
| sign | 签署 | sign a form |
| post | 张贴 发布 | post the results |
| protect | 保护 | protect the environment |
| allow | 允许 | be allowed to do |
| require | 要求 | be required to do |
| deliver | 递送 | deliver a package |
| equipment | 设备 | school equipment |
| tool | 工具 | a useful tool |
| look after | 照顾 | be looked after |
| take care of | 照顾 | take care of children |
主题阅读与词汇扩展 健康习惯与不作保证的建议
以下为同课主题拓展的已讲词条，每条包含本课释义、搭配和原创例句。可遮中文回忆，再改写一个例句；不是要求一次背完，也不冒充官方完整词表。
| 词或表达 | 本课意思 | 搭配 | 原创例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| sleep | 睡眠 | a sleep routine | The student keeps a record of her sleep routine. |
| tiredness | 疲劳 | notice tiredness | She notices tiredness after a busy week. |
| stress | 压力 | manage stress | The school offers support for managing stress. |
| balance | 平衡 | find a balance | A plan should leave a balance between work and rest. |
| well-being | 身心健康 | support well-being | A supportive environment can contribute to well-being. |
| routine | 常规 | change a routine | He changes one part of his routine at a time. |
| screen | 屏幕 | screen time | The family discusses screen time together. |
| breaktime | 课间休息 | during breaktime | Students can move or rest during breaktime. |
| seek | 寻求 | seek help | Seek help from an appropriate adult when a problem persists. |
| professional | 专业人员 专业的 | professional advice | A language exercise is not professional medical advice. |
选读脚手架：这段主题阅读用于在语境中复现词汇，不要求初次学习就独立认出所有词。先读后面的中文问题，再找谁、做什么、为什么；未列入词表的难词可查阅或请教师解释，不因出现过一次就计作已掌握。
原创主题短文
A class designs a poster about everyday well-being. The first draft says, “Follow these three tips and you will never feel tired.” During review, students remove that promise. They replace it with suggestions about planning rest, noticing difficulties and asking an appropriate adult for help. The revised poster also says that individual needs differ. It offers general communication ideas rather than diagnosing a condition or claiming that one routine solves every problem.
读写示范问题：初稿为何需要删“永不疲惫”承诺？被动可怎样说明修改？
证据解析与迁移：这是无依据、忽略个体差异的保证。可写The promise was removed；The poster has been revised。内容只作英语读写训练，持续不适应寻求适当专业帮助。
以上是有解析的教学示范，不另计入独立编号练习；计分任务总数见练习区。
例题解析
例1：The books must ___ (return) on Friday → must be returned。must后先be，return用过去分词。
例2：Someone has repaired the window → The window has been repaired。完成时的have/has仍根据新主语window用has；been为被动所需be的分词。
例3：They made us wait → We were made to wait。代词us作新主语改we，且主动省去的to在这一被动结构中出现。
练习
作答要求：除填写答案或写句子外，非写作题均补一句简短理由或原文依据；答案中说明/依据的分数正用于这一步。开放写作按所列量表评分，不必另写语法理由。
共10个编号任务，每题10分，总分100分；一题多空按答案分项给分。第1—8题为基础区80分，目标至少64/80并订正错因；第9—10题为巩固迁移区。冲刺95%以全课得分除以总分计算，至少需95/100，还要求阅读依据可靠、写作切题，不能只背答案。开放题示例不是唯一答案。
1. G8B02-E01
填空：Mobile phones must ___ (turn off) during the test.
2. G8B02-E02
转被动：They will announce the result tomorrow.
3. G8B02-E03
转被动：Someone has cleaned the room.
4. G8B02-E04
改错：The baby is looked by her father.
5. G8B02-E05
转被动：They gave me a book. 用I开头。
6. G8B02-E06
转被动：The coach made us run. 用We开头。
7. G8B02-E07
三选：This brush is used to (paint/painting/painted) walls. 表用途。
8. G8B02-E08
改写：The room needs cleaning. 用to be结构。
9. G8B02-E09
阅读：All projects must be checked before they are displayed. The art projects have already been checked, but the science models will be checked tomorrow. 哪类已完成检查？科学模型现在能按规则展示吗？
10. G8B02-E10
写80—100词实验室开放日书面规则，含必须遵守、未来安排、已完成准备，至少三种被动形式。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
1. G8B02-E01 答案
be turned off。must后be+过去分词，短语off保留。结构6分，说明4分。
2. G8B02-E02 答案
The result will be announced tomorrow. 将来时保留will，再加be+分词。主干8分，说明2分。
3. G8B02-E03 答案
The room has been cleaned. 单数room用has，完成时被动has been done。结构8分，说明2分。
4. G8B02-E04 答案
The baby is looked after by her father. look after作为照顾的完整搭配不能漏after。修改6分，搭配理由4分。
5. G8B02-E05 答案
I was given a book. me作主语改I，give过去分词given。代词3分，谓语5分，说明2分。
6. G8B02-E06 答案
We were made to run. make sb do转被动还原to。主语2分，谓语及to6分，说明2分。
7. G8B02-E07 答案
paint。be used to do表示被用于做，不是习惯于的be used to doing。形式5分，语义5分。
8. G8B02-E08 答案
The room needs to be cleaned. need doing可表示需要被做，与to be done相当。改句7分，含义3分。
9. G8B02-E09 答案
艺术作品已检查；科学模型明天才检查，现在尚未满足展示前检查规则。前者4分，后者判断3分，时间与规则依据3分。
10. G8B02-E10 答案
示例：Our science room will be opened to visitors on Friday afternoon. The tables have already been cleaned, and the models have been checked by our teacher. Bags must be left near the entrance so that the walking area stays clear. Visitors should be guided by a student helper and must not touch equipment without permission. A short introduction will be given at the start. Questions can be written on cards and collected after the visit. These rules help everyone understand the projects in an orderly way. 内容4分，三类被动与搭配4分，规则范围和流程2分。
学习证据与复习
基础区低于64分：返回本课核心讲解，给每个错误贴上“词义、句法、时间、证据、表达”之一，再不看答案重做。达到基础目标：隔两天用不同主语或情境重新造句。冲刺95：将第9题的证据位置和第10题的修改理由写出来；不要把一次满分当成迁移能力。
前置复习：上一课。
课程定位参考：人民教育出版社新版初中英语教材介绍。仅用于教材背景，不表示出版社审核或认可本课程。