23 完形填空：情节约束、语义场和搭配

建议位置：高2·下；原创能力递进，不等同于学校实际学期/人教版单元。只训练书面英语。每个编号计一道练习；编号内小项不重复计数。

学习目标

• 用篇章情节约束局部选词而非逐空孤立猜测
• 区分近义词在搭配和叙事逻辑中的差异
• 在完整15空语篇中回读验证人物变化
• 在“工具、维修与循环使用”语境中区分常用词义、搭配并完成新的书面迁移。

核心讲解

完形填空同时考查语篇理解和词汇运用。先通读确定人物、目标、障碍和变化；暂时保留不确定空；再利用固定搭配、情绪递进、因果和复现逐一缩小范围。不要假定所有故事都必须“从失败到获奖”，只尊重当前故事。

本篇15空，每空四选一。解题时先选出能同时满足语法、搭配和情节的项，再回读检验：第3空必须与后来不愿开口相连，第8空是行动转折，第15空回扣人物认识。最后一道题要求总结证据，不计入15空的选择分数。

主题词汇拓展：工具、维修与循环使用

下面的词条按本课情境扩展意义与搭配，不是课标完整词表。先把词分成“人/物、行动、性质/关系”三组；同一中文词不保证英语可互换。每条搭配示范本课采用的义项。读完语境再做新增的两项迁移题；能认出词义但不能在句中正确使用时，仍应保留为待复习项。

本课词汇与搭配

阅读材料

Original 15-gap cloze: At the Repair Table

Leo took his old schoolbag to a community repair café, where volunteers helped people [1] everyday objects. The clasp was [2], so the bag would not stay closed. At the door, he felt [3] about showing it to strangers.

“Bring it over,” a woman said. It sounded like an [4], not a demand. She [5] the way he held the broken strap, as if he were trying to [6] it. Leo hoped he could watch [7] and leave without explaining much.

Then the woman showed him how to remove one small screw. The task looked less mysterious than he had imagined. He [8] to ask, “Could I try the next one?” She was [9] to explain and waited while he worked. Together they [10] the worn clasp with a part from a box of spare pieces.

The bag was not new, but it was [11] again. Leo thanked the volunteer for being so [12] when his first attempt failed. She smiled and said she had needed several attempts when she first learned the same skill.

As he left, Leo realised he was [13] her for more than a repaired bag. He had gained some [14] in asking questions. Not every object at the café could be fixed; one visitor was told that a needed part was no longer available. Still, Leo had learned that progress often begins when people [15] what they do not yet know.

主题词汇语境：工具、维修与循环使用

At a supervised repair session, visitors learned the names of common tools and inspected a chair with a loose joint. The volunteer used a clamp to hold the frame while explaining how the parts aligned. Some wear and tear could be repaired, but a missing spare part prevented another item from being restored that day. Reuse was a goal, not a reason to ignore faults. Electrical devices were referred to qualified staff rather than opened by untrained visitors.

例题解析

独立例 The box was heavy, so we decided to ___ it together. carry/dismiss/measure/ignore 中 carry 最自然。不是因为 heavy 永远跟 carry 搭配，而是“重→共同搬”的因果成立。若后文写“to find its exact weight”，measure 才可能更合适；全文优先于词对。

练习

1. [1] A. borrow B. repair C. launch D. cancel

2. [2] A. damaged B. ordinary C. valuable D. separate

3. [3] A. careless B. relieved C. eager D. embarrassed

4. [4] A. warning B. invitation C. instruction D. permission

5. [5] A. noticed B. counted C. invented D. removed

6. [6] A. hide B. waste C. earn D. share

7. [7] A. gradually B. proudly C. immediately D. silently

8. [8] A. decided B. remembered C. pretended D. refused

9. [9] A. willing B. impatient C. absent D. familiar

10. [10] A. advertised B. ignored C. replaced D. folded

11. [11] A. useful B. perfect C. impossible D. dangerous

12. [12] A. expensive B. formal C. distant D. patient

13. [13] A. apologising B. thanking C. competing D. blaming

14. [14] A. permission B. profit C. confidence D. speed

15. [15] A. avoid B. control C. hide D. recognise

16. 用中文写出 Leo 心理变化的三个阶段，各找一个行为证据；解释为什么文章不等于“只要努力任何物品都能修好”。

17. 【主题词汇·辨义】区分tighten/loosen、dismantle/reassemble、reuse/recycle：各对给中文意义，并说明为何维修前要identify the fault而不是随便拆。

18. 【主题词汇·迁移】写两句过去时维修记录，使用joint、spare part、restore中的两词；若没有备件，应诚实记录未完成，而非声称已修好。