建议位置:高2·下;原创能力递进,不等同于学校实际学期/人教版单元。只训练书面英语。每个编号计一道练习;编号内小项不重复计数。
学习目标
- 根据中心词、意义和固定结构处理一致
- 建立对等比较,避免than对象错配
- 准确使用可数性、限定词和介词搭配
- 在“数量、预算与比较尺度”语境中区分常用词义、搭配并完成新的书面迁移。
核心讲解
1. 一致依结构,不依距离
A list of reasons is attached;The reasons are listed below。Neither of the answers is correct 是正式常规;口语复数用法可见,本课程正式写作优先单数。Either A or B / Neither A nor B 常按邻近成分处理,但若产生 awkward 结构,改写更稳。Physics is…;The police are…;equipment、advice、information 通常不可数,不能直接加 -s。
2. 比较对象必须平行
The population of City A is larger than that of City B,不能把人口与城市比。Her notes are clearer than mine。twice as large as 表两倍大小;“larger by…”的百分比与“times larger than”易歧义,精确报告优先写明确数值或 as…as。fewer 用可数复数,less 用不可数;日常计量表达有惯例,不机械绝对化。
3. 限定范围
a/an 引入一项不特指对象;the 指语境可识别对象;泛指复数/不可数常零冠词。a few/few(可数)、a little/little(不可数)分别有“有一些/几乎没有”的语气差异。each 着眼个体,every 着眼整体中每个;other/another/the other/others 区分是否特定、是否后接名词。
4. 介词要随搭配和意义
depend on,contribute to,be responsible for,be similar to,be different from,by means of。介词后用名词/代词/doing;discuss a problem 不加 about,enter the room 不加 into(常规进入房间义)。
主题词汇拓展:数量、预算与比较尺度
下面的词条按本课情境扩展意义与搭配,不是课标完整词表。先把词分成“人/物、行动、性质/关系”三组;同一中文词不保证英语可互换。每条搭配示范本课采用的义项。读完语境再做新增的两项迁移题;能认出词义但不能在句中正确使用时,仍应保留为待复习项。
本课词汇与搭配
| 词条 | 词性 / 条目类型 | 核心义 | 语境搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| equipment | n. | 设备(不可数) | laboratory equipment |
| advice | n. | 建议(不可数) | a piece of advice |
| series | n. | 系列 | a series of tests |
| issue | n. | 问题;议题 | discuss an issue |
| proportion | n. | 比例 | in proportion to |
| comparison | n. | 比较 | a fair comparison |
| quantity | n. | 数量 | a small quantity |
| consist | v. | 组成 | consist of |
| depend | v. | 取决于 | depend on evidence |
| contribute | v. | 贡献;促成 | contribute to success |
| responsible | adj. | 负责的 | responsible for safety |
| similar | adj. | 相似的 | similar to the original |
| amount | 单词 | 数量(多用于不可数) | an amount of money |
| number | 单词 | 数量(可数) | a number of items |
| volume | 单词 | 体积;总量 | traffic volume |
| rate | 单词 | 比率;速度 | a growth rate |
| ratio | 单词 | 比;比例关系 | the ratio of A to B |
| percentage | 单词 | 百分比 | a small percentage |
| fraction | 单词 | 一部分;分数 | a fraction of the cost |
| average | 单词 | 平均数;平均的 | an average price |
| median | 单词 | 中位数 | the median income |
| range | 单词 | 范围 | a wide range |
| minimum | 单词 | 最小值 | a minimum charge |
| maximum | 单词 | 最大值 | a maximum capacity |
| threshold | 单词 | 门槛;阈值 | an income threshold |
| approximately | 单词 | 大约 | approximately fifty people |
| roughly | 单词 | 大约;粗略地 | roughly equal |
| respectively | 单词 | 分别 | ten and twelve, respectively |
| cumulative | 单词 | 累计的 | a cumulative total |
| per capita | 短语 | 人均 | per-capita consumption |
| annual budget | 短语 | 年度预算 | prepare an annual budget |
| fixed cost | 短语 | 固定成本 | cover fixed costs |
| variable cost | 短语 | 可变成本 | estimate variable costs |
| unit price | 短语 | 单价 | compare unit prices |
| discount | 单词 | 折扣 | a student discount |
| instalment | 单词 | 分期付款的一期 | pay in instalments |
| deposit | 单词 | 订金;押金 | pay a deposit |
| balance | 单词 | 余额;平衡 | the remaining balance |
| surplus | 单词 | 盈余 | a budget surplus |
| deficit | 单词 | 赤字;不足 | a budget deficit |
| exceed | 单词 | 超过 | exceed the limit |
| comparable | 单词 | 可比较的 | comparable figures |
阅读材料
主题词汇语境:数量、预算与比较尺度
Two clubs reported actual annual expenditure of 6,000 and 9,000 yuan, respectively. The second spent more in total, but it also served twice as many members. A fair comparison required both total expenditure and spending per capita. The median payment could differ from the average if a few members paid unusually large amounts. Before calling one club more efficient, the reviewer checked which services were included and whether the figures covered comparable periods.
例题解析
例 1 The equipment in the two laboratories is expensive. equipment 不可数,不能用 are,尽管 laboratories 紧邻。
例 2 This year’s costs are lower than last year’s. 比较 costs 与 costs;省略 last year’s costs 中重复词合法。
例 3 We have a little time / We have little time. 前者强调尚有一些,后者强调几乎没有;情境决定语气。
练习
选择并解释:A series of tests (has/have) shown that the device is reliable.
改错:The traffic in this town is heavier than the village.
填few/a few/little/a little:There is ___ water left—enough for one more cup.
选择并说明:I have two plans. One is cheap; (another/the other/others) is faster.
改错:We discussed about the issue and made many useful advices.
翻译且避免倍数歧义:A教室面积80平方米,B教室40平方米;A是B的两倍大。
【主题词汇·辨义】根据语境算出第二社团人均支出与第一社团的比值,并说明为何不能只看9000>6000。另解释respectively。
【主题词汇·迁移】写两句比较:A每包500克售价10元,B每包800克售价14元;用unit price和per,不用“较便宜”但不指明单位。
参考答案与解析 · 完成练习后展开
参考答案与解析
has。主语中心词 A series 为单数,of tests 是修饰语;不是按最近 tests 选 have。
The traffic in this town is heavier than that in the village. that 替代不可数 traffic,使比较对象相同。
a little。water 不可数且后文 enough 强调还有一点;little 会突出不足,与后文倾向不符。
the other。明确两项中的另一项,故特指 the other;another 通常为另一个未特定对象。
We discussed the issue and gave a lot of useful advice / made many useful suggestions. discuss 常直接接宾语;advice 不可数,不能 many advices;give advice 比 make advice 自然。
Classroom A covers 80 square metres, while Classroom B covers 40. A is twice as large as B. 数值与 twice as large as 一致,避免 two times larger than 的歧义。
设第一人数n,第二2n,人均比=(9000/2n)/(6000/n)=0.75,第二为第一的75%。总额与人均不同指标;仍需看服务内容才能评价效率。respectively把前后两列表按对应顺序分别配对。
示例:The unit price of A is 20 yuan per kilogram, whereas B costs 17.5 yuan per kilogram. B has the lower unit price, although its package costs more. 要点:统一单位、对等比较、保留包装总价与单价差异。
订正与迁移
先遮住答案独立完成,再为每处错误记录“语境线索—适用规则—我的新例句”。隔一天换一个主题复做,不以背熟本页答案代替迁移。完整篇章写作按题后量规人工核查,短句产出按答案中的结构与信息要点自查;不把示例当成唯一答案。
课程与来源说明
原创高中书面英语能力递进课;参考人教版必修—选择性必修的能力梯度,但未取得学习者学校的准确版次和教学表,年级/学期仅为建议学习位置,不等同于官方教材单元对应。课标以2017年版2025年修订为当前版本;不把2020年文本称为最新,也不声称已逐条核对2025全文。考试形式参照已核验的江西/新课标公开说明;不含听力。
本课讲解、例句、语篇和题目为原创。来源链接用于课程/考试形式定位,不表示转载官方试题或逐句对应教材: